Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Deze afdeling is voor algemene topics die niet passen in wat reeds voorzien is. Ze moeten wel aansluiten bij ons thema.
Gebruikersavatar
Pilgrim
Berichten: 51240
Lid geworden op: wo jan 17, 2007 1:00 pm
Locatie: Dhimmistad

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Pilgrim »

Nog een filmpje over het ruimtevliegtuig Skylon...

Revealed: This Mach 5 Future Jet Can Fly Anywhere in the World in 4 Hours
Military Update - Gepubliceerd op 11 apr. 2019

De Islam is een groot gevaar!
Jezus leeft maar Mohammed is dood (en in de hel)
Gebruikersavatar
xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

 
April 10, 2019, Ana Diaz Artiles, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station

We propose a novel spacesuit intelligent architecture for extravehicular activity (EVA) operations on Mars and other planetary environments that increases human performance by an order of magnitude on several quantifiable fronts for exploration missions. The proposed SmartSuit spacesuit, while gas-pressurized, also incorporates soft-robotics technology that allows astronauts to be highly mobile and better interact with their surroundings. The spacesuit also incorporates a soft and stretchable self-healing skin (or membrane) located in the outer layer that not only protects the astronaut but also collects data through integrated, transparent sensors embedded in the membrane. These sensors are capable of visually displaying environmental and membrane structural information, providing visual feedback to the wearer about the surroundings.

The hybrid and intelligent spacesuit proposed will be designed with the philosophy of enhancing motion and dexterity, reparability and sensor integration to interact with the soundings and detect damage. The proposed hybrid technology adding full-body softrobotic elements to the gas-pressurized spacesuit will enable enhanced dexterity, increased comfort, and a feeling of normalcy that will facilitate both scientific and exploration operations on planetary missions like those expected for Mars’ surface. Additionally, the soft-robotic layer has the potential to provide some level of mechanical counterpressure (MCP) to the wearer, thus decreasing the gas-operating pressure within the suit, therefore reducing the time needed for pre-breathing protocols while enhancing even more the mobility, which has a direct impact on the duration, metabolic cost, and fatigue associated with an EVA. We expect the proposed spacesuit technology to also reduce the numerous spacesuit-fit injuries and discomfort experienced by present astronauts due to the current highly pressurized spacesuits with no robotic assistance. Our proposed spacesuit significantly improves on the state of the art in spacesuit design, addressing many issues in surface mobility, reparability and re-usability, safety, EVA preparation time, EVA duration time, and both physical and psychological fatigue. The Phase 1 effort constitutes advancement of this concept from TRL 1 to TRL 2.

The proposed project will investigate the trade-space of materials and sensor architectures, leading to design principles and sizing estimates of a candidate spacesuit. We propose to prove its feasibility and whether SmartSuit will achieve the science and exploration objectives articulated in the current Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0. At the end of the phase I, we will outline the SmartSuit system design and concept of operations, including rationales for material, sensor, and display technology selection. It will also detail the layer breakdown and composition of such a suit. PI Diaz Artiles will lead the mission architecture work of this study, including a comprehensive biomechanical and human performance analysis. Co-I Shepherd will analyze material and mechanical metrics for manufacturing the SmartSuit and will also perform preliminary experimental validation of its core concepts (i.e. joint torques and MCP measurement, basic locomotion, relevant environmental sensing and display, and environmental stability).
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
Gebruikersavatar
xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

 
May 15, 2019

Superfast data processing using light pulses instead of electricity has been created by scientists.

The invention uses magnets to record computer data which consume virtually zero energy, solving the dilemma of how to create faster data processing speeds without the accompanying high energy costs.

Today's data centre servers consume between 2 to 5% of global electricity consumption, producing heat which in turn requires more power to cool the servers.

The problem is so acute that Microsoft has even submerged hundreds of its data centre services in the ocean in an effort to keep them cool and cut costs.

Most data are encoded as binary information (0 or 1 respectively) through the orientation of tiny magnets, called spins, in magnetic hard-drives. The magnetic read/write head is used to set or retrieve information using electrical currents which dissipate huge amounts of energy.

Now an international team publishing in Nature has solved the problem by replacing electricity with extremely short pulses of light -- the duration of one trillionth of a second -- concentrated by special antennas on top of a magnet.

This new method is superfast but so energy efficient that the temperature of the magnet does not increase at all.

The team includes Dr Rostislav Mikhaylovskiy, formerly at Radboud University and now Lancaster University, Stefan Schlauderer, Dr Christoph Lange and Professor Rupert Huber from Regensburg University, Professor Alexey Kimel from Radboud University and Professor Anatoly Zvezdin from the Russian Academy of Sciences.

They demonstrated this new method by pulsing a magnet with ultrashort light bursts (the duration of a millionth of a millionth of a second) at frequencies in the far infrared, the so called terahertz spectral range.

However, even the strongest existing sources of the terahertz light did not provide strong enough pulses to switch the orientation of a magnet to date.

The breakthrough was achieved by utilizing the efficient interaction mechanism of coupling between spins and terahertz electric field, which was discovered by the same team.

The scientists then developed and fabricated a very small antenna on top of the magnet to concentrate and thereby enhance the electric field of light. This strongest local electric field was sufficient to navigate the magnetization of the magnet to its new orientation in just one trillionth of a second.

The temperature of the magnet did not increase at all as this process requires energy of only one quantum of the terahertz light -- a photon -- per spin.

Dr Mikhaylovskiy said: "The record-low energy loss makes this approach scalable.

Future storage devices would also exploit the excellent spatial definition of antenna structures enabling practical magnetic memories with simultaneously maximal energy efficiency and speed."

He plans to carry out further research using the new ultrafast laser at Lancaster University together with accelerators at the Cockroft Institute which are able to generate intense pulses of light to allow switching magnets and to determine the practical and fundamental speed and energy limits of magnetic recording.
Zie ook Terahertz light pulses speed up spin switching
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
Gebruikersavatar
xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

 
by Will Knight, Jun 17, 2019

Putting your hand in front of an industrial robot arm is not, generally, a good idea. These machines might move quickly and precisely, but they are so blind and stupid that they'll gladly break a limb without so much as an "oops."

So it took a little courage to try this trick with a robot arm being tested at Realtime Robotics, a startup located in Boston's Seaport neighborhood. I reached forward to intercept its movement as it grasped a widget from a table and moved to put it in a box. Thankfully, the robot paused, moved deftly around my outstretched arm, and then neatly deposited the item in its box. No broken limbs today.

This kind of graceful adaptability could prove incredibly useful for the robotics industry. There are some robots that can work alongside people, but they tend to be low-power, imprecise, and of limited use. The most capable, and powerful, industrial machines still have to work in very precisely controlled environments, away from soft, breakable humans.

"Even if you're not worried about having humans next to the robot, you might want to modify your cell without incurring the cost of bringing in a technician," says Sean Murray, a robotics engineer and cofounder at Realtime Robotics who showed me around.

The movement problem
A number of companies are trying to find ways around this problem. Some are testing sensors that will stop a powerful robots in its tracks if it spots an obstacle. Realtime Robotics is trying to go further, by giving robots the kind of low-level intelligence needed to move through the real world. This is the physical awareness that humans and animals take for granted whenever they move an arm or a leg.

In several different rooms at Realtime, industrial robot arms are testing the capabilities of a new chip that the company has developed to make this possible. When hooked up to 3D sensors, this chip lets the machines rapidly consider a range of different actions, effectively "imagining" the outcome, before choosing the one best suited to the task at hand. In one room, I watched as two robots performed balletic feats of teamwork, gliding around one another and occasionally handing over items.

"The fundamental challenge is that robots are so stupid," says George Konidaris, founder and chief roboticist at Realtime as well as an assistant professor at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. "We have this basic motor competence and robots don't."

Motion planning is deceptively difficult for a robot, partly because each joint adds an extra dimension to the calculations that must be performed.

Make your move
The company's chip supercharges the mathematical computations behind a relatively simple motion-planning algorithm developed by Konidaris and others while he was at Duke University. By running the computations in parallel, the dedicated chip can perform them more than 10,000 times more quickly than a regular computer chip, while also using less power.

"The approach is very clever," says Tomás Lozano-Pérez, a professor at MIT who advised Konidaris when he was a graduate student.

This is part of a broader trend. Advances in software and hardware are gradually starting to increase robot IQ, perhaps paving the way for more capable industrial robots that can be used in powerful new ways. Smarter robots could sit on a production line next to a person—for example, figuring out how to grab objects no matter how they are arranged, and without accidentally hurting anyone. This could accelerate the spread of automation across many industries.

Lozano-Pérez adds that better motion planning will be fundamentally important for the future of robotics. "Any robot that is going to move around purposefully to achieve goals had better think about how it should move," he says. "The challenge is that motion planning is slow when the environment is cluttered, and especially when the robot has many degrees of freedom."

There is one other big potential application for the technology: self-driving vehicles. Just as a robot needs to plan its motion if it is to avoid hitting things, a self-driving car needs to quickly decide the safest route around obstacles. Realtime is already developing a version of the chip with this in mind. Konidaris says it should let self-driving vehicles adapt rapidly to complications on the road, perhaps making them safer.

The first test will be whether robot arm makers decide to make use of Realtime's technology. Already several are testing it out. "The ultimate success will depend on how it's integrated," says MIT's Lozano-Pérez. "But it seems to me that it opens new possibilities for robot system design."
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
Gebruikersavatar
Pilgrim
Berichten: 51240
Lid geworden op: wo jan 17, 2007 1:00 pm
Locatie: Dhimmistad

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Pilgrim »

Onderzoekers bouwen robotvis met synthetisch ‘bloed’

Vivian Lammerse, 20 juni 2019

Het bloed wordt door een ‘bloedvatenstelsel’ gepompt en kan energie opslaan én leveren.

Amerikaanse onderzoekers hebben een robotvis gebouwd die nog het meest doet denken aan een koraalduivel. Maar deze robot is anders dan menig ander. Zo beschikt ‘ie over een waar ‘bloedvatenstelsel’ waar synthetisch, vloeibaar bloed doorheen stroomt. Hierdoor beweegt de robotvis zich voort zoals ook een echte koraalduivel dat doet en kan bijvoorbeeld stroomopwaarts zwemmen en zijn vinnen uitwaaieren. De studie is gepubliceerd in het vakblad Nature en werd gefinancierd door de US Navy.

Bloed
Het bloedvatenstelsel bevat batterijvloeistof dat de robotvis aandrijft. “Het robotbloed heeft twee primaire doelen,” legt onderzoeker James Pikul aan Scientias.nl uit. “Aan de ene kant slaat het energie op en aan de andere kant laat het de vis zwemmen wanneer het bloed door het synthetische vaatstelsel wordt gepompt. Op deze manier is het vergelijkbaar met dierlijk bloed.” Bovendien is dit bloed multifunctioneel. “Dit stelt ons in staat om energie op slaan in het hele robotlichaam, terwijl we het bloed ook gebruiken om de synthetische spieren op de robotvis te bedienen,” zegt Pikul.



Autonoom
Met de robotvis willen de onderzoekers nieuwe stappen zetten in de ontwikkeling van robotica. “We waren aan het brainstormen over manieren om robots autonomer te maken,” zegt Pikul. “We realiseerden ons dat de werkingstijd van de meeste robots erg kort is en dat ze snel opgeladen moeten worden. We wilden dit probleem oplossen door manieren te vinden om energie op te slaan in alle componenten van een robot. En het robotbloed is onze eerste demonstratie van hoe we energie kunnen opslaan.”

Gewicht
Bovendien bestaan veel robots op dit moment uit verschillende onderdelen die allemaal specifieke functies vervullen. En dat is eigenlijk niet heel handig. “Als we bijvoorbeeld willen dat de robot minder vaak opgeladen hoeft te worden, dan moeten we meer batterijen toevoegen maar tegelijkertijd andere onderdelen eruit halen om hetzelfde gewicht te behouden,” legt Pikul uit. Een oplossing hiervoor is om batterijen te gebruiken die meerdere functies hebben.

Robots worden ondertussen steeds autonomer en slimmer. Kijk hier maar eens hoe een robot een ruwe schets van de Mona Lisa kan natekenen. En wat dacht je van deze robots die waardige tegenstanders blijken in een potje Jenga?

Robotvis
Dat laatste hebben de onderzoekers nu uitgeprobeerd in de robotvis. “We hebben de robotvis gemaakt om te laten zien dat robotonderdelen meerdere functies kunnen vervullen en dat dit hun prestaties en mogelijkheden drastisch kan verbeteren,” aldus Pikul. “We zijn van plan dit robotbloed te gebruiken om de prestaties van robots en machines die vloeistoffen gebruiken te vergroten.”

In verschillende tests namen de onderzoekers de prestaties van hun robot-koraalduivel onder de loep. En het synthetische bloed blijkt inderdaad goed te werken. De robotvis beschikt bijvoorbeeld over een uitermate goed uithoudingsvermogen. Zo kan hij met een snelheid van meer dan 1,5 keer zijn eigen lichaamslengte per minuut tegen de stroom in zwemmen. Bovendien kan de robotvis zich 36 uur lang in het water rond bewegen zonder tussentijds opgeladen te hoeven worden. “In vergelijking met soortgelijke robots zonder het synthetische bloed kan onze robot tot acht keer langer mee,” besluit Pikul.

https://www.scientias.nl/onderzoekers-b ... sch-bloed/
De Islam is een groot gevaar!
Jezus leeft maar Mohammed is dood (en in de hel)
Gebruikersavatar
Pilgrim
Berichten: 51240
Lid geworden op: wo jan 17, 2007 1:00 pm
Locatie: Dhimmistad

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Pilgrim »

Amerikaanse leger gaat 9000 insecten drones inzetten in Afghanistan

Posted on 20/06/2019

Afbeelding
Een enkeling ziet in de komst van deze minidrones een verband met de ‘sprinkhanen’ uit Openbaring 9. Anderen denken dat de gelijkenis slechts toeval is. (Afbeelding: (1)(2)).

Amerikaanse soldaten in Afghanistan zullen binnenkort worden uitgerust met insectenachtige drones die de naam ‘Black Hornet’ (zwarte horzel) dragen. De drones, die ongeveer $ 4500 per stuk kosten en op kleine helikoptertjes of sprinkhanen lijken, zullen worden gebruikt voor verkenningsmissies. Sommigen zien een verband met een tekst in het profetische Bijbelboek Openbaring, waarin wordt gesproken van een plaag met op sprinkhanen lijkende wezens die vijf maanden lang de mensheid zullen teisteren.

Het Amerikaanse leger schaft de komende 3 jaar voor $ 40 miljoen 9000 van deze ‘Zwarte Horzels’ aan, die door gewone soldaten met een tablet kunnen worden bestuurd. Luchtlandingstroepen van de 82e divisie zullen deze zomer de eersten zijn die er de beschikking over krijgen.

Deze minidrones zijn een van de vele onderdelen van een grootschalige modernisering van het Amerikaanse leger, dat inzet op de ontwikkeling van kunstmatige intelligente systemen (AI’s), vijfde (en zesde) generatie stealth jets en bommenwerpers, hypersonische raketwapens en laserkanonnen. Rusland en China zitten op deze gebieden ook niet stil. Vooral Rusland loopt wat hypersonische wapens betreft ver voor op de VS.

In Israël werden enkele jaren geleden nog kleinere drones ontwikkeld die bijna niet te onderscheiden zijn van echte insecten.

Verband met sprinkhanen Openbaring 9?
Een enkeling ziet een verband met het profetische Bijbelboek Openbaring (hoofdstuk 9):

‘En uit de rook kwamen sprinkhanen op aarde te voorschijn en hun werd macht gegeven, gelijk de schorpioenen der aarde macht hebben... En hun werd gegeven, dat zij hen niet zouden doden, maar dat de mensen zouden gepijnigd worden, vijf maanden lang... En in die dagen zullen de mensen de dood zoeken, maar hem geenszins vinden, en zij zullen begeren te sterven, maar de dood vlucht van hen weg.’

De apostel Johannes beschrijft vervolgens ‘sprinkhanen’ die op ‘paarden, die uitgerust zijn tot de oorlog’ lijken, met ‘kransen als van goud’ en ‘aangezichten als van mensen’, met ‘haar als vrouwenhaar en tanden als van als van leeuwen; borstschilden als ijzeren harnassen, en het gedruis van hun vleugels was als het gedruis van wagens, wanneer vele paarden ten strijde draven.’

Sommige uitleggers zien hier een beschrijving van moderne helikopters in. Anderen denken -vooral vanwege de context waarin wordt gesproken over engelen, een gevallen ster (gevallen engel) en de ‘put des afgronds’- meer aan een geestelijke (symbolische) betekenis dan aan een letterlijke verklaring.

Xander

(1) Zero Hedge
(2) Afbeelding sprinkhaan: WikiMedia Commons (geen copyright restricties)

https://www.xandernieuws.net/algemeen/a ... ghanistan/
De Islam is een groot gevaar!
Jezus leeft maar Mohammed is dood (en in de hel)
Gebruikersavatar
Pilgrim
Berichten: 51240
Lid geworden op: wo jan 17, 2007 1:00 pm
Locatie: Dhimmistad

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Pilgrim »

China is monitoring employees' brain waves and emotions — and the technology boosted one company's profits by $315 million

Tara Francis Chan May 1, 2018, 2:33 AM ET

Afbeelding
  • Chinese businesses and the military are monitoring employees' brain activity and emotions.
  • The "emotional surveillance technology" helps employers identify mood shifts so they can change break times, an employee's task, or even send them home.
  • The technology reportedly increases productivity and profitability, with one company claiming its profits jumped by $315 million.
  • Emotional surveillance adds to a wide surveillance network of facial recognition and internet censorship across China.
Employees' brain waves are reportedly being monitored in factories, state-owned enterprises, and the military across China.

The technology works by placing wireless sensors in employees' caps or hats which, combined with artificial intelligence algorithms, spot incidents of workplace rage, anxiety, or sadness.

Employers use this "emotional surveillance technology" by then tweaking workflows, including employee placement and breaks, to increase productivity and profits.

At State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power in the southeast city of Hangzhou, company profits jumped by $315 million since the technology was introduced in 2014, an official told the South China Morning Post.

Cheng Jingzhou, the official who oversees the company's program, said "there is no doubt about its effect," and brain data helps the 40,000-strong firm work to higher standards.

According to the SCMP, more than a dozen businesses and China's military have used a different programme developed by the government-funded brain surveillance project Neuro Cap, based out of Ningbo University.

"They thought we could read their mind. This caused some discomfort and resistance in the beginning," Jin Jia, a professor of brain science at Ningbo University told the Post.

"After a while they got used to the device... They wore it all day at work."

Jin also said that employees' brainwaves can be enough for managers to send them home.

"When the system issues a warning, the manager asks the worker to take a day off or move to a less critical post. Some jobs require high concentration. There is no room for a mistake."

Another type of sensor, built by technology company Deayea, is reportedly used in the caps of train drivers on the high-speed rail line between Beijing and Shanghai. The sensor can even trigger an alarm if a driver falls asleep.

Widespread use of emotion monitoring may mark a new stage in China's surveillance state, which has largely been focused on facial recognition and increasing internet censorship.

It's unknown if all employees subjected to the technology are aware they are being monitored, but even if they were China's privacy laws would be unlikely to help.

The notoriously lax privacy laws, and the country's large sample population, have helped China leap ahead with its artificial intelligence research.

According to a report by CB Insights, China applied for five times as many AI patents as the US in 2017.

SEE ALSO: Parts of China are using facial recognition technology that can scan the country's entire population in one second

https://amp.businessinsider.com/china-e ... 5CreBQXrSk
De Islam is een groot gevaar!
Jezus leeft maar Mohammed is dood (en in de hel)
Gebruikersavatar
Pilgrim
Berichten: 51240
Lid geworden op: wo jan 17, 2007 1:00 pm
Locatie: Dhimmistad

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Pilgrim »

Deepfakes: Nieuwe levensechte video software kan iedereen alles laten zeggen

Posted on 23/06/2019

Afbeelding
35 jaar geleden pure science fiction, nu realiteit: AI’s worden geïntegreerd in het internet en het leger. ‘Skynet’ is tot leven gebracht. (Afbeelding:(2)).

AI (kunstmatige intelligentie) om deepfakes te kunnen ontdekken reeds ontwikkeld

De afgelopen jaren is video software ontwikkeld waarmee al dan niet bekende personen op levensechte wijze letterlijk woorden in de mond kunnen worden gelegd. In de allernieuwste, in de VS ontwikkelde versie zijn deze ‘deepfakes’ niet meer van echt te onderscheiden. Daarom moeten er kunstmatige intelligenties (AI’s) aan te pas komen om te beoordelen of een video met bijvoorbeeld de Russische president Vladimir Putin die het Westen zou bedreigen met oorlog, wel echt is. We geven opzettelijk dit voorbeeld, omdat deze nieuwe technologie overduidelijk heel eenvoudig kan worden gebruikt om het grote publiek te misleiden, iets wat de Westerse media in veel opzichten toch al tot hun dagtaak hebben gemaakt.

Een recent voorbeeld van zo’n bedrieglijk echte ‘deepfake’ is Game of Thrones acteur Jon Snow, die in een video zijn excuus zou aanbieden voor het volgens velen dramatisch slechte 8e seizoen van de hitserie. Deze Bloomberg video toont hoe het proces in zijn werk gaat. Voormalig president Obama krijgt uitspraken in zijn mond gelegd, en ook Ronald Reagan, Theresa May en –inderdaad- Vladimir Putin passeren de revue. Hier nog een korte video met ‘deep video portraits’.

Oudere software kon dit ook wel simuleren, maar toch was voor iedereen duidelijk dat het om kunstmatige manipulaties ging. Mond-, oog- en gezichtsbewegingen waren altijd te onnatuurlijk om geloofwaardig over te komen.

Bestaande video’s naar believen te manipuleren
De nieuwste versie werd gezamenlijk ontwikkeld door het Max Planck Instituut voor Informatica, de Princeton Universiteit en Adobe Research, en maakt gebruik van een leerproces en 3D modellen van het gezicht van het ‘doelwit’. Met deze software zijn ook bestaande video’s naar believen aan te passen, en kun je iedere persoon letterlijk alles laten zeggen, zonder dat iemand het verschil opmerkt.

AI’s nodig om deepfakes te ontdekken
Volgens een recent onderzoek van het Informatiewetenschappen Instituut van de USC zullen er daarom kunstmatige intelligenties (AI’s) aan te pas moeten komen om te beoordelen of dit soort gemanipuleerde video’s echt of fake zijn. Bij de eerste testen wist zo’n speciaal hiervoor ontwikkelde AI meer dan 90% van de fake video’s te ontdekken.

Een van de auteurs van de studie verklaarde dat sociale netwerken deze AI’s op grote schaal kunnen gaan gebruiken. ‘Ons model is algemeen voor ieder persoon, omdat we ons niet focussen op de identiteit van die persoon, maar op de consequentheid van de gezichtsbewegingen,’ aldus Wael Abd-Almageed. ‘Sociale netwerken zouden gewoon de detectie software in hun platforms kunnen opnemen om de geuploade video’s te beoordelen.’ (1)

Skynet is tot leven gebracht
Wat er gebeurt zodra AI’s zelf deepfake video’s gaan maken, is volstrekt onduidelijk. In dit verband wordt vaak de inmiddels klassieke SF-filmserie ‘The Terminator’ aangehaald, waarin een toekomstige AI van de Amerikaanse defensie (‘Skynet’) concludeert dat de mensheid een bedreiging is, en vervolgens een wereldwijde kernoorlog ontketent om de mensheid uit te roeien.

Deze technologie was in de jaren ’80 en ’90 nog science fiction, maar inmiddels dus realiteit. Juist in het Amerikaanse leger is men druk bezig om AI’s te integreren in het aanstuur- en zelfs besluitvormingsproces. Kortom, ‘Skynet’ is tot leven gebracht.

Xander

(1) Zero Hedge
(2) Afbeelding: MyConfinedSpace

https://www.xandernieuws.net/algemeen/d ... en-zeggen/
De Islam is een groot gevaar!
Jezus leeft maar Mohammed is dood (en in de hel)
Gebruikersavatar
Hans v d Mortel sr
Berichten: 17462
Lid geworden op: za jun 18, 2011 7:07 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Hans v d Mortel sr »

Omdat moslims zo kwaadaardig arrogant achterlijk zijn en zich superieur voelend aan de rest van de wereld geen enkele twijfel tonen aan de vunzige sadistische vrouw-onvriendelijke uitspraken van de historische Arabische analfabeet profeet psychopaat Mohammed, heeft hedendaagse stem-imitatie van uitspraken van pedo profeet Mohammed geen enkele zin.

Hoezo dat niet?
Er zijn al zoveel vunzige smerige walgelijke sadistische discriminerende fascistische uitspraken vastgelegd van pedoprofeet Mohammed in haddiths, dat geen enkele andere smerige uitspraak hem zijn eerdere uitspraken nog kan overtreffen. Ook al kent de islam de misselijkmakende achterbakse islamitische ontsnappingsdrift van de waarheid: abrogatie, de afschaffingsleer die eerdere uitspraken van hem overschreef. De volgorde in de Koran is daarom nogal logisch. Mohammed begon vredelievend en leerde het neuken voor het eerst op een oude fiets (weduwe van 40 toen Mohammed 25 was. (haar ontmaagden kon hij dus wel vergeten), maar werd alras een roverhoofdman die zijn kost verdiende met het overvallen en beroven van handelskaravanen.

Verkrachting door Mohammed
Ondertussen wist hij hoe hij neuken moest en verkrachtte een jonge meid van 9 waar volgens 1,8 miljard moslims niks mis mee was omdat hij met haar trouwde toen zij zes was. Mohammed had dus zelf verteld dat hij zijn vrouw Aisha ontmaagde toen zij negen was. Maar wat hij al die tijd eerder met dat kind had uitgespookt daar stelt geen moslim vragen over. Had Mohammed gezegd dat zijn eerste pogingen om haar te verkrachten niet lukte toen zij zes was omdat haar kutje nog niet wijd genoeg open kon, de moslimwereld zou het ook geloofd en aanvaard hebben. Dit is maar een facet uit de walgelijke onmenselijke heidense baggerreligie islam dat aangeeft hoe onwenselijk het is deze mislukte mensensoort binnen de gelederen van de westerse beschaving op te nemen. Want wie nu nog altijd niet begrijpt dat moslims parasieten zij op onze kenniseconomie en beschaving omdat zij scheiding van kerk en staat verwerpen en goed praten dat de discriminerende sadistische seksprofeet Mohammed vrouwen minderwaardig en ongeschikt vond als verstandige wezens en hen daarom ook eeuwig zag branden in de hel als het merendeel van de bewoners daarin.

Loopbaan
De loopbaan van de smerige walgelijke minderwaardige mens en sadistische woestijn arabier Mohammed bereikte zijn hoogtepunt met het op touw zetten van een smerige Arabische oorlog tegen landgenoten en joden onder het mom dat hij dat verplicht was te doen via inspiratie verkregen door toedoen van Allah. En wie was Allah destijds? Het zal u niet verbazen. Allah was de slim bedachte digitale knecht (Moh was zijn tijd ver vooruit [icon_lol.gif]) van psychopaat analfabeet Mohammed zelf. Dat hij links en rechts zijn neukgedrag niet onder bedwang kon houden, staat in schril contrast met zijn smerige hypocriete achterbakse karakter waardoor hij verklaarde dat hij dankzij Allah een blik mocht werpen in de eeuwig brandende hel waarin hij waarnam dat de meerderheid daarin vrouwen waren.

Kortom
ohammed begon vredelievend en eindigde als een oorlogsmisdadiger. Dat laatste, daar hoor je 1,8 miljard moslims nooit over, maar is in feite wat abrogatie inhoudt: de werkelijkheid. Het is daarom niet voor niets dat moslims ALTIJD achter de aam van Mohammed VZMH plaatsen. VZMH betekent: Vrede Zij Met Hem. Zoiets zou je achter de naam van Hitler kunnen verwachten, maar niet achter de naam van Mohammed omdat die in de ogen van 1,8 miljard moslims sowieso al de meest liefdevolle en vredelievende mens was.

Belangrijk om te weten
1,8 miljard moslims geloven dat de Bijbel vervalst is. Prima en houden zo. Waarom? Omdat zij, 1,8 miljard dwazen in getal, nooit zullen twijfelen aan wat in de Koran staat. Waarmee voor alle Europese leiders de maat vol zou moeten zijn om nog langer deze mislukte fascistische mensensoort als parasieten op onze kenniseconomie en beschaving te dulden. Islam is het virus en moslims zijn de dragers ervan.
Ik weet niks met zekerheid. Ik ben ontoerekeningsvatbaar gelovig atheïst wegens gebrek aan de vrije wil.
Gebruikersavatar
xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

De ideale handtekeningenvervalser. Niets is straks meer wat het lijkt met al die nabootsingstechnieken.
Bernard Marr, Jun 21, 2019, 12:26am

The everyday tasks that humans often take for granted, such as walking and handwriting, have, until recently, been challenging to program a robot to do. The Handwriting Company now has a robot that can create beautifully handwritten communication that mimics the style of an individual's handwriting while a robot from Brown University can replicate handwriting from a variety of languages even though it was just trained on Japanese characters. Achieving this milestone of robotic capabilities was quite a feat for the researchers and roboticists behind the scenes and the machine learning algorithms that power the robots’ skills. Let’s review what’s currently possible today and what might be in store for the future with robots creating handwritten text.

Technology Behind Hemingway

Hemingway is The Handwriting Company’s robot that can mimic anyone’s style of handwriting. All that Hemingway’s algorithm needs to mimic an individual’s handwriting is a sample of handwriting from that person. Not only can Hemingway write faster than a human, in one example completing the sample text provided in 2 minutes that took the human who provided it 15, it’s also surprisingly accurate. When a company is trying to deliver a personal touch to a large group of individuals with handwritten notes, you can imagine how important this time savings could be.

While script from the same language shares specific characteristics no matter who is doing the writing, every individual has nuances in their handwriting that makes it unique to them including the pressure applied by the writing utensil, flourishes to various characters, inconsistencies and the like. These nuances are picked up by Hemingway's algorithm to recreate very realistic handwriting samples that make it difficult to discern it was created by a robot.

The Handwriting Company uses this technology to provide its clients, including corporations, politicians, and political parties, with handwritten text for marketing purposes. Brides and grooms have even used it for their wedding invites. The company promises the "automation of robotics with the creativity of humans."

While the robotic handwriting doesn’t yet fool a graphologist, who was able to tell automated handwriting from a human handwriting sample only because the robotic sample lacked a bit of fluidity, it’s good enough to fool others. Future developments in the works would be to allow this technology to be used at home and to adjust the style based on emotions that the communication needs to convey.

Handwriting Robot from Brown University

Researchers at Brown University, including Atsunobu Kotani and Stefanie Tellex, have also made strides by making a deep-learning algorithm that helped a robot produce handwritten words and even hand-drawn images.

The Brown University robot was trained to handwrite Japanese characters. After that, it was able to apply its learning to other languages it had never written before including Greek, English (print and cursive) and Hindi by merely looking at examples of that writing. To top it off, it was also able to recreate a handwritten drawing of the Mona Lisa.

Handwriting may seem like it would be simple to learn, but it's quite complex to do so in reality. Just think about how a child learns to write. It's not enough to show a child a picture of handwriting; they must receive instructions about how to form each letter.

The roboticists at Brown University split their training system into two models—a local model that is concerned with the stroke of the pen and a global model that moves the writing utensil to the next stroke of the character. They fed the algorithm Japanese characters initially and provided some information about how strokes of a character work. Then, the algorithm took over, used its machine vision and predictive capabilities to replicate the writing, even in different languages.

Interestingly, in one test, the researchers challenged the robot to replicate the less-then-precise handwriting of a group of kindergarteners. Although they thought the robot would be stumped, it duplicated the wobbly writing of humans just learning to handwrite quite easily.

What's next for handwriting technology? One can imagine a future where robots can leave humans handwritten notes instead of print-offs, but we'll have to wait to see how the technology evolves.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
Gebruikersavatar
xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

 
Brian Wang | June 26, 2019

Zyvex Labs has the goal of Atomically Precise Manufacturing (APM). They are researching and developing tools for creating quantum computers, analog quantum simulation devices and other transformational systems that require atomic precision. Developed as part of this effort, ZyVector™ turns the world-class ScientaOmicron VT-STM into an STM lithography tool, creating the only complete commercial solution for atomic precision lithography.

John N. Randall :
  • Just as classical computers started out with non-solid state devices (vacuum tubes) but transitioned to integrated solid state devices, integrated solid state devices will also become the dominant technology for quantum computers. Superconducting and ion trap qubits can each be thought of as the vacuum tube technology that classical computers started out with.
Brian Wang :
  • What about Semiconductor Quantum Dot Qubits?
John N. Randall :
  • The problem with Semiconductor quantum dot qubits is that it appears that they can be manufactured in today’s modern semiconductor fabrication facilities. One would think that current semiconductor manufacturing equipment which is currently producing solid state devices with ~10nm minimum features should be the obvious choice to make quantum computers. However, semiconductor fabrication tools have poor relative precision, on the order of ± 10%, which is acceptable in non-quantum digital computers, but insufficient for quantum devices. Extremely complex classical digital circuits can nevertheless be created with this technology, because classical bits only have to distinguish between 0 and 1 and just have to be on either side of a threshold. It is a testament to semiconductor engineers that they can make such complex systems with essentially really sloppy relative precision.

    Let me put this in a context that most people can appreciate. Back when I was in school, during a housing boom in Houston Texas, I worked one summer building houses and apartments. Imagine I am up on a roof and call down to my buddy Zeke: “Zeke, cut me a 10 foot rafter!” and Zeke sends me a rafter +/- one foot! Imagine what that house would look like. Try to imagine making a car with that sort of relative manufacturing precision.

    To understand the importance of manufacturing precision to quantum computing (and why they are so powerful), you only need to know that while they have digital inputs and outputs (1s and 0s) that internally they deal with a superposition of 1 and 0 states that allows them to represent a much larger range of possible solutions than either 1 or 0 while they are in the quantum state. Today’s digital computers have to double the number of transistors to double their compute power, while you only have to add one qubit to double the power of a quantum computer. How the quantum calculations go on is very complicated, but physicists have figured out how to map meaningful problems onto quantum processes and this realization has led to an international race with very high stakes.

    In order to effectively harness the power of quantum computers, we can no longer live with the sloppy fabrication of today’s semiconductor factories. Maintaining the specific mixture of the superimposed quantum states is crucial to the successful completion of quantum computation which requires much more precision that is currently available in manufacturing tools. Also, keep in mind that quantum phenomenon is expressed most strongly at the atomic scale and even atomic scale variations in the fabricated physical dimensions of these devices will make computation more difficult. This situation results in much more stringent fabrication tolerances for solid-state quantum devices. I speak from experience having worked on solid-state quantum devices [1],[2].

    I reiterate my belief that it is entirely appropriate to make the best quantum computers possible with the manufacturing tools that we presently have. However, if we do not, as a nation, at the same time invest in developing manufacturing tools that have significantly better manufacturing precision, we may come out strong in the first quarter but lose the game. We may have short term success in building Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers but fail to develop the competitive scalable universal quantum computers that we seek.
    There are many paths to developing higher precision manufacturing tools. It would be prudent to fund a large portfolio of R&D efforts. What follows is not intended to be a pitch for our particular approach, as much as an indication that there are paths to follow to much higher manufacturing precision.

    Quantum effects are typically exhibited at atomic and molecular scales and that therefore the most capable quantum devices will be manufactured with atomic-scale precision. There are a number of approaches to atomically precise manufacturing and several are applicable to quantum computers and other quantum devices. We are not alone in this belief. The DOE is funding a portfolio of atomically precise manufacturing programs. Work at NIST and Oak Ridge National Laboratories, are exploring atomically precise manufacturing for quantum and other technologies.

    One method that my company has commercialized and is further developing is a technology, referred to as hydrogen depassivation lithography (HDL). It is a next-generation form of e-beam lithography that is carried out with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM). The technical details are available in the scientific literature [3], but let me point out graphically just how much more precise at patterning HDL is than the best conventional e-beam lithography can do. The graph compares the normalized radial distribution of conventional e-beam lithography with that of HDL. The data for the conventional e-beam lithography is taken from an excellent paper by Karl Berggren of MIT [4]. I note that the conventional e-beam lithography distribution of dose must go out almost 4nm radially before the energy density drops to 10% of the maximum. With HDL the effective dose to expose drops 8 orders of magnitude at a radial distance of 0.5nm. HDL is a much sharper exposure tool. Sharp enough to do atomically precise patterning [5], and while it has other uses in solid-state quantum devices, it is being used to make single donor spin qubits [6]. It is also amenable to scaling up through massive parallelism that is simply not possible with conventional e-beam lithography [3]. Another approach being pursued at Oak Ridge National Laboratories is demonstrating atomic precision manipulation of matter with Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopes [7].

    The US Government must invest in the future of our national security by funding research and development of an entirely new generation of manufacturing tools capable of atomic precision. I believe that this will be essential to achieve U.S. Dominance in quantum computing and many other valuable quantum technologies. I would be happy to provide many other details about the possibilities.
References:

[1] Reed, M. A., Randall, J. N., Aggarwal, R. J., Matyi, R. J., Moore, T. M., & Wetsel, A. E. (1988). Observation of discrete electronic states in a zero-dimensional semiconductor nanostructure. Physical Review Letters, 60(6), 535–537.

[2] Broekaert, T. P. E., Randall, J. N., Beam III, E. A., Jovanovic, D., Seabaugh, A. C., & Smith, B. D. (1996). Functional InP/InGaAs lateral double barrier heterostructure resonant tunneling diodes by using etch and regrowth. Applied Physics Letters, 69(13), 1918–1920.

[3] Manfrinato, V. R., Wen, J., Zhang, L., Yang, Y., Hobbs, R. G., Baker, B., … Berggren, K. K. (2014). Determining the resolution limits of electron-beam lithography: Direct measurement of the point-spread function. Nano Letters, 14(8), 4406–4412

[4] Chen, S., Xu, H., Goh, K. E. J., Liu, L., & Randall, J. N. (2012). Patterning of sub-1 nm dangling-bond lines with atomic precision alignment on H:Si(100) surface at room temperature. Nanotechnology, 23(27), 275301

[5] Randall, J. N., Owen, J. H. G., Lake, J., Saini, R., Fuchs, E., Mahdavi, M., … Schaefer, B. C. (2018). Highly parallel scanning tunneling microscope based hydrogen depassivation lithography. JVSTB, 36, 6–10.

[6] Hill, C. D., Peretz, E., Hile, S. J., House, M. G., Fuechsle, M., Rogge, S., … Hollenberg, L. C. L. (2015). A surface code quantum computer in silicon. Science Advances, 1(9), e1500707–e1500707.

[7] Kalinin, S. V., Borisevich, A. & Jesse, S. (2016). Fire up the atom forge. Nature, 539(7630), 485–487.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
Gebruikersavatar
xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

 
02 Jul 2019 | By Éanna Kelly

The Israeli government is developing a national strategy to make the country a leader in artificial intelligence (AI), and according to one researcher involved in drawing up the plan, the starting point could hardly be better.

"There's not much that needs to be done, in fact; the government has to send a signal, that's all," said Isaac Ben-Israel, a former Israeli defence force major general who, among many other titles, is head of the Security Studies programme in Tel Aviv University.

"There is in fact a lot of money already invested in AI research here by global companies. Nobody waits for the government to do something. It happens automatically," Ben-Israel told Science|Business.

In the country of eight million often referred to as "start-up nation", reality has kept pace with rhetoric. AI-related investments in Israel are surging: 37 per cent of the total capital raised last year was for AI companies, according to a report from Start-Up Nation Central, which tracks and supports investment deals.

Ben-Israel, a long-time figure in Israeli research, is leading the multi-committee work on the government's AI vision along with another big name, Eviatar Matania, founder and former head of the Israel National Cyber Bureau.

Both were chosen for their past roles in making cybersecurity products and services one of Israel's biggest exports.

Ben-Israel was chief cybernetics adviser to prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu from 2010-2012, when he launched the national cyber initiative, propelling the country into the top five leaders of the global cyber industry. Today, according to estimates, some 20 per cent of the total global investment in cybersecurity pours into Israeli companies and start-ups.

"We took cybersecurity out into the real world and made it a legitimate pursuit for the economy," Ben-Israel said. "I started the cyber revolution here, and now with some of my help we are looking to repeat the trick with AI."

Israel's strength in applying AI to computer vision, which benefits greatly from the country's huge investment in military equipment, is beginning to extend into a range of different industries.

One of the biggest successes is Mobileye Vision Technology, which provides technology for autonomous vehicles. Founded in Jerusalem in 1999, the company develops image processing algorithms to interpret images from conventional cameras, to see traffic. The money raised in its initial public offering in the US in 2014 was the largest ever by an Israeli firm.

Three years later, Intel, the world's largest chipmaker and one of Israel's largest private employers, purchased the company for $15.3 billion. Now, Mobileye aims to start trials of self-driving cars in Israel next year, with hopes of commercialising a robo-taxi service.

At the same time, Israel aims to become a world leader in medical applications of AI, with companies developing algorithms that use patient data and lifestyle information to speed up and inform diagnoses.

Hospitals are amassing a huge and valuable collection of data. "Everyone has their records registered with four big insurance groups, so it's quite a centralised system here, unlike in the US," said Shai Bagon, an AI researcher at the Weizmann Institute of Science. "Everyone is aware of the potential of this data and there is an initiative to try and open it securely."

Growing demand

There are some constraints on the growth of AI, however. "We would like to triple the number of AI graduates but many of our professors are going to work in the private sector. So here's a problem that can't be solved by the market – it has to be the government," Ben-Israel said.

The answer, he suggests, is to grant researchers more flexibility to work between university and the private sector. "The rule could be that a researcher has to spend 20 per cent of their time at university. It's not a lot, but if you make them choose between university or industry, they're going to choose industry."

It is already the case that some researchers share their time between universities and tech companies, like Google and Facebook, which have research hubs in the country. "They are here for the talent, and they bring money," Ben-Israel says.

Israel's strict immigration laws create additional competition for AI recruits. Opening more positions in computer science departments around the country would help "bring excellent researchers back to Israel", argues Jonathan Berant, senior lecturer at the Blavatnik School of Computer Science in Tel-Aviv University. "[Our] university would like to hire more faculty but it is hard to fill the positions at this point where demand is very high."

Academics are drawn to the private sector by far higher salaries, but also the opportunity to work with more processing power. "There are types of research that require large amounts of computational resources that are only available in industry," Berant says.

He proposes that universities work out a way to share servers. "[We] can substantially improve the quality of research by distributing resources better and having better IT services," he said.

AI in defence

There is no doubt that Israel's defence establishment helps drive the country's tech success.

However, Ben-Israel prefers not to discuss whether investments by the armed forces and intelligence services in high tech surveillance tools could give Israel an edge in AI.

Much of the work undertaken by Israeli defence agencies inevitably remains in the shadows. "This kind of research is not open to the wider AI community," said Bagon. "They understandably keep their cards close to their chest."

Israeli men and women are required to perform military service after secondary school. Many gain experience in a variety of high technology systems and that leads directly to careers. Tech companies make no secret of their military backgrounds; start-ups' websites regularly highlight the units in which the founders served.

There is some public information on new AI defence systems under development in the country. The Times of Israel has reported that an Israeli armed robotic vehicle called the Guardium has been used on the Gaza border. Another Israeli company, Rafael Advanced Defense System, says on its website that it has developed a bomb that can use autonomous capabilities to navigate and correct its location in environments where the global positioning system has been inactivated.

Chinese competition

China and the US are seen as head-to-head in competing for AI leadership, but Ben-Israel suggests that Chinese strengths in the field have been over-promoted.

"There's no difference between brains, it's the conditions of the ecosystem and culture," he said. "You have Chinese Nobel Laureates, for instance, but more often than not they did not win for research carried out in China."

"Harmony is one of the main values in China, so people don't try and differentiate themselves from others. You don't go into the streets with pink hair. Obedience to certain rules in society is too important," Ben-Israel said. "As long as they have these values, it's very difficult to see how they will grow to become a large innovative country. The same [deference] to authority didn't work out in the Soviet Union," he says.

Israel doesn't have it all figured out either. Start-ups there, like in Europe, face challenges in scaling up to become bigger, sustainable businesses; many promising companies leave to find bigger markets in the US. Thousands of start-ups are being developed in incubators, but the country has only a handful of so-called unicorns, or start-ups valued at over $1 billion.

The success rate for new businesses in Israel is low at 5 per cent. It's not hurting motivation, though. "In Israel, we have five new start-ups per day; or 1,500 a year with maybe 200 surviving," said Ben-Israel. "What makes us good in science and business is that we're not ashamed to fail, or too timid to tell people how to do things differently and better."
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
Gebruikersavatar
xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

 
Kristin Houser, July 9th 2019

AI Glass
It turns out that you don't need a computer to create an artificial intelligence. In fact, you don't even need electricity.

In an extraordinary bit of left-field research, scientists from the University of Wisconsin–Madison have found a way to create artificially intelligent glass that can recognize images without any need for sensors, circuits, or even a power source — and it could one day save your phone's battery life.

"We're always thinking about how we provide vision for machines in the future, and imagining application specific, mission-driven technologies," researcher Zongfu Yu said in a press release. "This changes almost everything about how we design machine vision."

Numbers Game
In a proof-of-concept study published on Monday in the journal Photonics Research, the researchers describe how they made a sheet of "smart" glass that could identify handwritten digits.

To accomplish that feat, they started by placing different sizes and shapes of air bubbles at specific spots within the glass. Then they added bits of strategically placed light-absorbing materials, including graphene.

When the team then wrote down a number, the light reflecting off the digit would enter one side of the glass. The bubbles and impurities would scatter the lightwaves in certain ways depending on the number until they reached one of 10 designated spots — each corresponding to a different digit — on the opposite side of the glass.

The glass could essentially tell the researcher what number it saw — at the speed of light and without the need for any traditional computing power source.

"We're accustomed to digital computing, but this has broadened our view," Yu said. "The wave dynamics of light propagation provide a new way to perform analog artificial neural computing."

Face Time
Teaching machines to accurate "see" will be key to achieving our goals for artificial intelligence — machine vision plays a role in everything from autonomous cars to delivery robots.

This "smart" glass might not be able to complete calculations complex enough for those uses, but the team does have one possible application for it in mind: smartphone security.

Currently, when you attempt to unlock a phone using face ID, an AI within the device has to run a computation, draining battery power in the process. Affix a trained sheet of this smart glass to the front of the device, and it'll be able to take over the task without pulling any power from the phone's battery.

"We could potentially use the glass as a biometric lock, tuned to recognize only one person's face," Yu said. "Once built, it would last forever without needing power or internet, meaning it could keep something safe for you even after thousands of years."
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
Gebruikersavatar
xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

 
By Samuel K. Moore, 15 Jul 2019 | 13:30 GMT

At the DARPA Electronics Resurgence Initiative Summit today in Detroit, Intel plans to unveil an 8-million-neuron neuromorphic system comprising 64 Loihi research chips—codenamed Pohoiki Beach. Loihi chips are built with an architecture that more closely matches the way the brain works than do chips designed to do deep learning or other forms of AI. For the set of problems that such "spiking neural networks" are particularly good at, Loihi is about 1,000 times as fast as a CPU and 10,000 times as energy efficient. The new 64-Loihi system represents the equivalent of 8-million neurons, but that's just a step to a 768-chip, 100-million-neuron system that the company plans for the end of 2019.

Intel and its research partners are just beginning to test what massive neural systems like Pohoiki Beach can do, but so far the evidence points to even greater performance and efficiency, says Mike Davies, director of neuromorphic research at Intel.

"We're quickly accumulating results and data that there are definite benefits… mostly in the domain of efficiency. Virtually every one that we benchmark…we find significant gains in this architecture," he says.

Going from a single-Loihi to 64 of them is more of a software issue than a hardware one. "We designed scalability into the Loihi chip from the beginning," says Davies. "The chip has a hierarchical routing interface…which allows us to scale to up to 16,000 chips. So 64 is just the next step."

Finding algorithms that run well on an 8-million-neuron system and optimizing those algorithms in software is a considerable effort, he says. Still, the payoff could be huge. Neural networks that are more brain-like, such as Loihi, could be immune to some of the artificial intelligence's—for lack of a better word—dumbness.

For example, today's neural networks suffer from something called catastrophic forgetting. If you tried to teach a trained neural network to recognize something new—a new road sign, say—by simply exposing the network to the new input, it would disrupt the network so badly that it would become terrible at recognizing anything. To avoid this, you have to completely retrain the network from the ground up. (DARPA's Lifelong Learning, or L2M, program is dedicated to solving this problem.)

(Here's my favorite analogy: Say you coached a basketball team, and you raised the net by 30 centimeters while nobody was looking. The players would miss a bunch at first, but they'd figure things out quickly. If those players were like today's neural networks, you'd have to pull them off the court and teach them the entire game over again—dribbling, passing, everything.)

Loihi can run networks that might be immune to catastrophic forgetting, meaning it learns a bit more like a human. In fact, there's evidence through a research collaboration with Thomas Cleland's group at Cornell University, that Loihi can achieve what's called one-shot learning. That is, learning a new feature after being exposed to it only once. The Cornell group showed this by abstracting a model of the olfactory system so that it would run on Loihi. When exposed to a new virtual scent, the system not only didn't catastrophically forget everything else it had smelled, it learned to recognize the new scent just from the single exposure.

Loihi might also be able to run feature-extraction algorithms that are immune to the kinds of adversarial attacks that befuddle today's image recognition systems. Traditional neural networks don't really understand the features they're extracting from an image in the way our brains do. "They can be fooled with simplistic attacks like changing individual pixels or adding a screen of noise that wouldn't fool a human in any way," Davies explains. But the sparse-coding algorithms Loihi can run work more like the human visual system and so wouldn't fall for such shenanigans. (Disturbingly, humans are not completely immune to such attacks.)

Researchers have also been using Loihi to improve real-time control for robotic systems. For example, last week at the Telluride Neuromorphic Cognition Engineering Workshop—an event Davies called "summer camp for neuromorphics nerds"—researchers were hard at work using a Loihi-based system to control a foosball table. "It strikes people as crazy," he says. "But it's a nice illustration of neuromorphic technology. It's fast, requires quick response, quick planning, and anticipation. These are what neuromorphic chips are good at."
Als eenmaal de opschaling naar een 16.000-chip-systeem bereikt is (wat volgens het artikel mogelijk is), dan heb je al een systeem van 2 miljard neuronen, grofweg 2% van het aantal neuronen in een menselijk brein.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
Gebruikersavatar
Pilgrim
Berichten: 51240
Lid geworden op: wo jan 17, 2007 1:00 pm
Locatie: Dhimmistad

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Pilgrim »

Neuralink-gedachtenlezer van Elon Musk gebruikt flexibele 'miniharen'

17 juli 2019

Afbeelding

De gedachtenlezer van Neuralink, een bedrijf van Elon Musk, gebruikt draden die dunner dan haren zijn om hersenactiviteit op te vangen. De start-up presenteerde woensdag de eerste details over het apparaat.

De draden, die ongeveer drie keer zo dun zijn als menselijke haren, moeten in de hersenen van de eigenaar geplaatst worden. Omdat ze buigzaam zijn, moeten ze ook minder risicovol zijn dan huidige hersenimplantaten.

De Neuralink-lezer moet neuronale activiteit van een eigenaar opvangen en doorgeven aan een computer. Op die manier kan de computer bediend worden door alleen maar te denken.

Bestaande apparaten maken het al mogelijk om simpele computercommando's met de hersenen te verzenden. In 2006 kon een verlamde man op die manier het spel Pong spelen, nadat hij dagenlang had geoefend.

Hogere bandbreedte voor AI
Neuralink zegt dat zijn technologie een veel hogere bandbreedte ondersteunt dan bestaande apparaten, waardoor er meer informatie uitgewisseld kan worden.

De technologie is in eerste instantie bedoeld voor mensen die hun lichaam niet kunnen bewegen. Musk hoopt dat op termijn iedereen het apparaat kan gebruiken, om een "symbiotische band met kunstmatige intelligentie" te creëren.

Neuralink heeft het apparaat tot op heden in ratten geïntegreerd. In een vragenrondje zei Musk dat tijdens tests ook "een aap een computer bediende met zijn brein". De technologie moet, voordat ze in mensen gebruikt kan worden, nog goedgekeurd worden door de medische waakhond in de Verenigde Staten.

Robotchirurg installeert de Neuralink
Het installeren van een Neuralink is volgens het bedrijf vrij complex. Een speciale robot moet de draden op exact de juiste locaties aanleggen, door gaten in de schedel te boren.

Het bedrijf hoopt het proces op termijn te versimpelen. Neuralink-hoofdchirurg Matthew MacDougall denkt dat het installeren van het apparaat ooit net zo makkelijk als het laseren van ogen zal zijn.

Door: NU.nl

https://www.nu.nl/gadgets/5966355/neura ... haren.html
De Islam is een groot gevaar!
Jezus leeft maar Mohammed is dood (en in de hel)
Gebruikersavatar
xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

Ook weer een griezelige ontwikkeling, want dit begint al aardig in de buurt te komen van "telekinese" : op afstand voorwerpen kunnen verplaatsen met je gedachten. Kwaadwillenden zouden hiermee reuzenkracht ten kwade kunnen aanwenden.

Er gebeuren steeds meer dingen die mensen ooit voor onmogelijk hadden gehouden.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
Gebruikersavatar
Pilgrim
Berichten: 51240
Lid geworden op: wo jan 17, 2007 1:00 pm
Locatie: Dhimmistad

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Pilgrim »

SpaceX' Starhopper maakt eerste echte testvlucht

Caroline Kraaijvanger - 26 juli 2019

Afbeelding
Een artistieke impressie laat zien hoe de Super Heavy-raket zich losmaakt van het Starship. Wat natuurlijk opvalt, is dat dit Starship er heel anders uitziet dan de Starhopper waarmee geëxperimenteerd wordt. Zo mist Starhopper de spitse neus, waardoor deze meer op een watertoren lijkt. Oorspronkelijk had Starhopper deze neus wel, maar deze is in januari door toedoen van krachtige winden gesneuveld, waarna SpaceX besloot de neus weg te laten. Het ‘echte’ Starship krijgt deze uiteindelijk wel. Afbeelding: SpaceX (via Wikimedia Commons).

En dat gaat niet zonder slag of stoot. Maar SpaceX zet door: in het volgende decennium moet de eerste ruimtetoerist in een soortgelijk ruimtevaartuig plaatsnemen.

Op dit moment heeft SpaceX de beschikking over een Falcon 9-raket en ruimtecapsule Dragon. Samen hebben deze al heel wat voorraden in het internationale ruimtestation afgeleverd. En op korte termijn zal een aangepaste Dragon-capsule – Crew Dragon – ingezet worden om ook astronauten naar het ISS te vervoeren. Maar SpaceX wil meer. Het ruimtevaartbedrijf wil ruimtetoeristen rondjes rond de maan laten vliegen en uiteindelijk ook mensen op Mars zetten. En dat vraagt om een krachtigere opvolger van de Falcon 9-raket en een nieuw ruimtevaartuig. En die komen er. Een paar jaar geleden kondigde Elon Musk het Super Heavy-Starship aan: een transportsysteem dat bestaat uit twee componenten: ruimtevaartuig Starship (zie de artistieke impressie hieronder) en raketbooster Super Heavy.

Afbeelding

Ambitieuze tijdlijn
Als het aan SpaceX ligt, neemt reeds in 2023 de eerste ruimtetoerist plaats in dit gloednieuwe transportsysteem, om vervolgens richting de maan te worden gelanceerd en een paar rondjes rond onze natuurlijke satelliet te vliegen. Het is een behoorlijk ambitieuze tijdlijn, maar dat zijn we wel gewend van SpaceX. Om de doelstelling binnen bereik te houden, werd eind vorig jaar in een tijdbestek van slechts enkele weken een soort miniatuur-versie van het Starship gebouwd – Starhopper genaamd – waarmee SpaceX allerhande tests kan doen. Onder deze Starhopper werd een eveneens door SpaceX ontwikkelde Raptor-motor gehangen (het echte SuperHeavy-Starship zal naar verwachting tientallen van deze motoren krijgen). Reeds in april maakte Starhopper zijn eerste testvluchten waarbij deze – vastgeketend aan het lanceringsplatform – enkele centimeters van de grond kwam.

Nieuwe testvlucht
En gisteren heeft Spacehopper zijn eerste ongeketende testvlucht gemaakt, waarbij deze zich zo’n twintig meter van de grond verhief (zie ook de beelden hieronder) om vervolgens op geringe afstand van de lanceerplaats weer neer te komen.

Hoewel de laatste testvlucht een succes was, verliep de aanloop ernaartoe moeizaam. Zo werd de testvlucht vorige week uitgesteld, nadat er tijdens een test van de Raptor-motor een enorme vuurbal op het lanceerplatform ontstond. Starhopper – gemaakt van enorm sterk, roestvrij staal – bleef ongedeerd. Na wat vervolgonderzoeken – waaruit bleek dat een brandstoflek de boosdoener was – besloot SpaceX de testvlucht uit te stellen tot afgelopen woensdag. Maar opnieuw hielden technische problemen Starhopper aan de grond, waardoor deze uiteindelijk pas gisteren het lanceerplatform verliet.

Vervolg
De succesvolle testvlucht zal naar verwachting spoedig een vervolg krijgen. Musk schrijft op Twitter dat hij verwacht dat Starhopper binnen enkele maanden een testvlucht maakt waarbij deze – uitgerust met een paar extra Raptor-motoren – naar een hoogte van zo’n 20 kilometer vliegt. De volgende stap is dan een heuse orbitale vlucht. Mogelijk vindt deze reeds volgend jaar plaats.

En zo lijken de plannen om met SuperHeavy/Starship al in 2023 een ruimtetoerist richting de maan te schieten, toch niet zo heel vergezocht. Als het nieuwe transportsysteem af is en naar behoren werkt, lijkt het zonnestelsel aan de voeten van SpaceX te liggen. Naast tripjes naar de maan, behoren ook het bevoorraden en bemannen van Mars tot de opties. Dat SpaceX die mogelijkheden zal benutten, lijkt buiten kijf te staan; Musk heeft er nooit een geheim van gemaakt Mars te willen koloniseren. Overigens is Starship niet alleen geschikt voor het vervoeren van astronauten; Musk speelde eerder met het idee om het ruimteschip ook in te zetten voor supersnelle internationale vluchten op aarde (zie het filmpje hieronder). Al met al voldoende reden om SpaceX het komende decennium goed in de gaten te houden!



https://www.scientias.nl/spacex-starhop ... estvlucht/
De Islam is een groot gevaar!
Jezus leeft maar Mohammed is dood (en in de hel)
Gebruikersavatar
Ariel
Berichten: 89714
Lid geworden op: wo apr 07, 2004 10:30 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Ariel »

Ik kreeg deze video van Scar.. Ze schreef.. Misschien is er nog hoop!!



Ik weer echt niet wat ik er van moet denken, en hoeveel ik kan geloven.

Pilgrim...xplosive...

Hebben jullie wel eens van deze man en zijn film gehoord?
The heart of the wise inclines to the right,
but the heart of the fool to the left.
Gebruikersavatar
Pilgrim
Berichten: 51240
Lid geworden op: wo jan 17, 2007 1:00 pm
Locatie: Dhimmistad

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Pilgrim »

Nee ik ken het niet. Het gaat over een gerucht dat ik wel eens eerder gehoord heb dat de zogenaamde 'Illuminati' het gros van de mensheid wil uitroeien tot er maar 500 miljoen over zijn die ze als slaven kunnen beheersen. Niemand weet volgens mij wat er van waar is. Bestaan die Illuminati nog wel? Allemaal onbewezen verhalen, waarvan je niet kan achter halen wat waar is of niet. Ook Ronald Bernard had het trouwens over die Illuminati. Er wordt ook gesproken over Majestic. Een verwijzing misschien naar Majestic 12? Dat is een term uit de ufologie. Ik heb van de film maar een paar fragmenten gezien. Veel te lang om het allemaal te bekijken.
De Islam is een groot gevaar!
Jezus leeft maar Mohammed is dood (en in de hel)
Gebruikersavatar
Ariel
Berichten: 89714
Lid geworden op: wo apr 07, 2004 10:30 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Ariel »

Pilgrim schreef: Veel te lang om het allemaal te bekijken.
Ik heb hem wel uitgekeken, maar veel wijzer ben ik ook niet geworden. Ik kan niet geloven dat de Duitsers in 1940 al op de maan zaten. En dat er hier op aarde immense ondergrondse steden zijn waar niemand wat vanaf weet.
The heart of the wise inclines to the right,
but the heart of the fool to the left.
Gebruikersavatar
Ali Yas
Berichten: 7662
Lid geworden op: zo apr 15, 2012 3:24 pm
Contacteer:

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Ali Yas »

Ariel schreef:Ik weer echt niet wat ik er van moet denken, en hoeveel ik kan geloven.
Ik zou beginnen met niks. Deze man is totaal de weg kwijt, of iets minder erg: hij is een heel slechte grappenmaker.
Truth sounds like hate to those who hate truth.
Gebruikersavatar
Ali Yas
Berichten: 7662
Lid geworden op: zo apr 15, 2012 3:24 pm
Contacteer:

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Ali Yas »

xplosive schreef:Ook weer een griezelige ontwikkeling, want dit begint al aardig in de buurt te komen van "telekinese" : op afstand voorwerpen kunnen verplaatsen met je gedachten.
Toetsenbord, muis en touchscreen zijn veel praktischer.
Truth sounds like hate to those who hate truth.
Gebruikersavatar
Scarlatti
Berichten: 5268
Lid geworden op: vr mei 09, 2008 10:12 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Scarlatti »

jammer... ik vond t ook ZWARE kost en heb er lang over moeten doen om t te begrijpen, stoppen, weer terug, nog eens luisteren... omdat ik of afgeleid werd of omdat ik t gewoonweg niet verstond en of niet begreep...

maar gaandeweg begon ik t te begrijpen en ik kreeg er weer hoop door, t is juist de bedoeling te VOORKOMEN dat de mensheid uitgeroeid wordt.... en dat kunnen wij zelf kennelijk... dit is wat ik er door dacht;
Ik kreeg bij t eerste stuk hoop, toen werd ik enigszins sceptisch want ik heb altijd moeite gehad met dit soort stories v reptilians en zo, maar toen zag ik Trump spreken en ik kreeg weer hoop en de rest heb ik met spanning afwisselend met licht ongeloof, zitten bekijken...

ik heb er wel uit opgemaakt DAT WIJ de BAAS zijn indien wij maar eerlijk blijven, 'liefde' voor elkaar opbrengen, begrip voor elkaar opbrengen enz enz en dat wij de duistere krachten overwinnen.. dat ons dan niets kan gebeuren.... dat die gevaarlijke externials of zoiets, ons niets kunnen doen... want dat zij dan onze verhalen bevestigen dus te veel naar buiten laten komen en wij daardoor GELOOFD worden en daardoor martelaren worden...
dat t gaat om LIEFDE, onvoorwaardelijke Liefde... voor en naar elkaar... ❤️ en wij daardoor de overwinnaars zullen zijn...
Islam=LEVENSBEDREIGEND

'LOQUENDI LIBERTATEM CUSTODIAMUS'
Laten wij waken over de vrijheid van het spreken... (Pim Fortuyn 1948-2002)
Gebruikersavatar
Pilgrim
Berichten: 51240
Lid geworden op: wo jan 17, 2007 1:00 pm
Locatie: Dhimmistad

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Pilgrim »

Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic May Be First Profitable Space Company

By Sissi Cao • 08/01/19

Afbeelding
Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic intends to sell $250,000 tourism packages to the world’s ultra-rich. ADRIAN DENNIS/AFP/GettyImages

Britain’s legendary business mogul Sir Richard Branson doesn’t need any more money. “Stuff,” the multi-billionaire wrote in his latest blog post, “really does not bring happiness.” However, that motto isn’t stopping him from pushing his space tourism company, Virgin Galactic, toward making money.

Earlier this month, Virgin Galactic quietly went public on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) as a subsidiary under Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings, a special purpose acquisition company headed by former Facebook executive-turned-venture capitalist Chamath Palihapitiya, making it the first so-called “new space” company to go public.

SEE ALSO: Why NASA Should Stop Trying to Make Mars Happen

It was an unusual move for a company whose main product—in Virgin’s case, space travel—is still in the research and development stage because, for a capital-intensive business like space exploration, the constant pressure to deliver earnings for shareholders is the last thing most founders want.

But Branson seems confident enough to be held accountable for making Virgin Galactic a profitable business.

Unlike Elon Musk’s SpaceX and Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin, which aim to colonize Mars or send humans to the moon again, Branson’s space venture keeps its ambition firmly tied to Earth. For the near future, Virgin Galactic intends to sell a $250,000-per-person Earth-orbiting tourism program to the world’s ultra-rich.

As unattainable as it sounds, this luxury travel package may actually find a market, stock analysts figured. “This price is in line with what a rich person might spend for other unique travel experiences but comes with even greater bragging rights because of how few people have had the experience of orbiting the earth,” Luis Sanchez, a commentator for financial advisory site Motley Fool, wrote on Tuesday.

“There are roughly two million people in the world with a net worth greater than $10 million,” Sanchez went on to explain. “The company only needs about 1,000 people a year to buy its service to have a viable business—1,000 people is less than a 10th of 1% of the two million people who could probably afford it.”

Virgin Galactic has said it has already taken $80 million in deposits for approximately 600 reservations. These deposits represent a potential revenue of $120 million. The company plans to increase revenue by at least 2.5 times and gross earnings by 5.5 times by 2023. Based on these estimates, Virgin Galactic was valued at $1.5 billion at the time it merged with Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings.

https://observer.com/2019/08/richard-br ... bkn9u2FpE8
De Islam is een groot gevaar!
Jezus leeft maar Mohammed is dood (en in de hel)
Gebruikersavatar
xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

 
6 August 2019, Nitin Dahad

While we often hear about the limitations of pushing the boundaries of semiconductor manufacturing process technologies to meet the needs of higher and higher levels of computing performance, optical circuits are evolving as one potential way of addressing the challenge.

Announcements from two research groups on this subject caught my eye, one led by the Technical University of Munich whose work could pave the way for quantum sensors and transistors, and another from Stanford University whose work on photon diodes could influence the development of neuromorphic computing using light-based components.

While these are both still very much in the research phase, I think it's worth highlighting these pieces of research to see where we could potentially address the needs of high-performance computing in many applications, including artificial intelligence (AI).

Quantum light sources leading to quantum sensors and transistors

A group of physicists from Germany, the U.S. and Japan lead by the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have succeeded in creating quantum light sources that pave the way for optical circuits.

By placing light sources precisely in atomically thin material layers with an accuracy of just a few nanometers, this could enable a multitude of applications in quantum technologies, from quantum sensors and transistors in smartphones through to new encryption technologies for data transmission.

Instead of having circuits in chips rely on electrons as the information carriers, the photons, transmitting information at the speed of light, could take on this task in optical circuits. The light sources are then connected with quantum fiber optic cables and detectors would form the basis of the building blocks for such new chips.

"This constitutes a first key step towards optical quantum computers," according to Julian Klein, lead author of the study at TUM. "Because for future applications the light sources must be coupled with photon circuits, waveguides for example, in order to make light-based quantum calculations possible." He added, "It is possible to integrate our quantum light sources very elegantly into photon circuits."

The critical point here is the exact and precisely controllable placement of the light sources. It is possible to create quantum light sources in conventional three-dimensional materials such as diamond or silicon, but they cannot be precisely placed in these materials.

As detailed in a paper in Nature Communications, the physicists used a layer of the semiconductor molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the starting material, just three atoms thick. This was then irradiated with a helium ion beam focused on a surface area of less than one nanometer. In order to generate optically active defects, the desired quantum light sources, molybdenum or sulfur atoms are precisely hammered out of the layer. The imperfections are traps for so-called excitons, electron-hole pairs, which then emit the desired photons.

A key piece of equipment in this process was the new helium ion microscope at the Walter Schottky Institute's Center for Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials, which can be used to irradiate such material with an unparalleled lateral resolution.

Together with theorists at TUM, the Max Planck Society, and the University of Bremen, the team developed a theoretical model describing the energy states observed at the imperfections. In the future, they also want to create more complex light source patterns, in lateral two-dimensional lattice structures for example, in order to also research multi-exciton phenomena or exotic material properties.

Alongside scientists from the Technical University of Munich, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics (Garching), the University of Bremen, The State University of New York (Buffalo, USA) and the National Institute for Materials Science (Tsukuba, Japan) were also involved.

Photon diodes enabling next generation computing

Meanwhile researchers at Stanford University have developed a nanoscale photon diode that could bring us closer to faster, more energy-efficient computers and communications that replace electricity with light. Highlighting the work in Nature Communications, the team said achieving compact, efficient photonic diodes is paramount to enabling next-generation computing, communication and even energy conversion technologies.

"Diodes are ubiquitous in modern electronics, from LEDs (light emitting diodes) to solar cells (essentially LEDs run in reverse) to integrated circuits for computing and communications," said Jennifer Dionne, associate professor of materials science and engineering and senior author of the paper. Dionne and co-author Mark Lawrence, a postdoctoral scholar in materials science and engineering at Stanford, have designed the new photon diode and checked their design with computer simulations and calculations.

"One grand vision is to have an all-optical computer where electricity is replaced completely by light and photons drive all information processing," Lawrence said. "The increased speed and bandwidth of light would enable faster solutions to some of the hardest scientific, mathematical and economic problems."

The main challenges of a light-based diode are two-fold — one is making the light flow in just one (forward) direction overcoming what's known as time-reversal symmetry; second, light is much more difficult to manipulate than electricity because it doesn't have charge. Other researchers have previously tackled these challenges by running light through a polarizer — which makes the light waves oscillate in a uniform direction – and then through a crystalline material within a magnetic field, which rotates the polarization of light. Finally, another polarizer matched to that polarization ushers the light out with near-perfect transmission. If light is run through the device in the opposite direction, no light gets out.

Lawrence described the one-way action of this three-part setup, known as a Faraday isolator, as similar to taking a moving sidewalk between two doors, where the sidewalk plays the role of the magnetic field. Even if you tried to go backward through the last door, the sidewalk would usually prevent you from reaching the first door.

Using light beams instead of magnetic field to create rotation

In order to produce a strong enough rotation of the light polarization, these kinds of diodes must be relatively large — much too large to fit into consumer computers or smartphones. As an alternative, Dionne and Lawrence came up with a way of creating rotation in crystal using another light beam instead of a magnetic field. This beam is polarized so that its electrical field takes on a spiral motion which, in turn, generates rotating acoustic vibrations in the crystal that give it magnetic-like spinning abilities and enable more light to get out. To make the structure both small and efficient, the lab relied on expertise in manipulating and amplifying light with tiny nano-antennas and nanostructured materials called metasurfaces.

The researchers designed arrays of ultra-thin silicon disks that work in pairs to trap the light and enhance its spiralling motion until it finds its way out. This results in high transmission in the forward direction. When illuminated in the backwards direction, the acoustic vibrations spin in the opposite direction and help cancel out any light trying to exit. Theoretically, there is no limit to how small this system could be. For their simulations, they imagined structures as thin as 250 nanometers.

Influencing neuromorphic computing

The researchers are particularly interested in how their ideas might influence the development of brain-like computers, or neuromorphic computers. This goal will also require additional advances in other light-based components, such as nanoscale light sources and switches.

"Our nanophotonic devices may allow us to mimic how neurons compute — giving computing the same high interconnectivity and energy efficiency of the brain, but with much faster computing speeds," Dionne said. Lawrence added, "We haven't found the limits of classical or quantum optical computing and optical information processing. Someday we could have an all-optical chip that does everything electronics do and more."
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
Plaats reactie