Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Pilgrim
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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These Hyper-Sensitive Fibers Might Stand In As Robot Nerves

Written by Leslie Nemo - Published: May 25, 2018

Afbeelding

Sure, some robots may run better than us, and they can dive deep underwater without ever needing to come up for air. But they don’t have our sense of touch—at least, for now. Engineers at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland recently published in Advanced Materials on their ultra thin, flexible cables embedded with electrodes.

The inserted conductors mean the plastic can send electronic signals in response to touch. That sure sounds like a human nerve, and the engineers thought so too – which is why the 10-person engineering team, headed by assistant professor Fabien Sorin, thinks their device is an ideal candidate for robotic nerves.

Basically, this “nerve” is a skinny fiber optic cable full of electrodes. To pull this off, the team started with a dense block of plastic, which they heated up and pulled out to get tiny, flexible cords. Most draw-out techniques like this rely on plastic that stiffens up, so the team worked with a different material that kept its elasticity. Before pulling the cord, the engineers placed the electrodes exactly where they wanted them. As the plastic lengthened, the fibers enveloped the conductors.

The final product looks almost like a tiny rubber band snipped open. Thin, nearly clear, and incredibly stretchy. Since it’s so soft and flexible, it can cooperate with bending robot joints. The engineers can also build in several layers of electrodes at once, so increased and varying types of pressure triggers different responses, explains Sorin.

For the most part, other engineering forays into robotic touch are bulkier, or rely on larger fluid reservoirs than EPFL’s cord does. Plus, if robots are ever going to get close to the tactility their human counterparts have, they’re going to need more than a fingertip’s worth of material. This cording can be made in bulk—it just depends on how much plastic the engineers start with and how long they feel like drawing it out for.

There’s no word yet on what the Swiss team plans to do with their tech. They do know it has value, though – they’ve already filed patents. Even if it’s not in robotics for a long time, who knows, the faux nerves could end up in smart fabrics for us, too. We’ve been looking for tech clothing that we actually want to wear—and these cords might be a solution.

https://futurism.com/hyper-sensitive-fi ... ot-nerves/
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Ter illustratie dat de opmars van kunstmatige intelligentie stormachtig verloopt :

AI and Compute

Daaruit :
May 16, 2018
We’re releasing an analysis showing that since 2012, the amount of compute used in the largest AI training runs has been increasing exponentially with a 3.5 month-doubling time (by comparison, Moore’s Law had an 18-month doubling period). Since 2012, this metric has grown by more than 300,000x (an 18-month doubling period would yield only a 12x increase). Improvements in compute have been a key component of AI progress, so as long as this trend continues, it’s worth preparing for the implications of systems far outside today’s capabilities.
Afbeelding
Looking forward

We see multiple reasons to believe that the trend in the graph could continue. Many hardware startups are developing AI-specific chips, some of which claim they will achieve a substantial increase in FLOPS/Watt (which is correlated to FLOPS/$) over the next 1-2 years. There may also be gains from simply reconfiguring hardware to do the same number of operations for less economic cost. On the parallelism side, many of the recent algorithmic innovations described above could in principle be combined multiplicatively — for example, architecture search and massively parallel SGD.
Als we even dit in herinnering brengen :

Afbeelding

Dan kom je met een verdubbeling per 4 maanden in plaats van 18 maanden ergens uit in het jaar 2020 (in plaats van 2025) waarin er computers zijn die een capaciteit hebben die vergelijkbaar is met het menselijk brein.
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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World's First 3D-Printed Concrete Housing Project to be Built in Eindhoven

1 June, 2018 by Niall Patrick Walsh

Afbeelding

The Dutch city of Eindhoven is to host the world’s first commercial housing project based on 3D-concrete printing, with the first of five planned houses due to start construction this year. The units were developed by a collaborative team including the Eindhoven University of Technology and will be purchased and let out by a real estate company upon completion.

The first house will be a single-floor, three-room house measuring 1000 square feet (95 square meters), to be followed by four multi-story units. The irregular shape of the buildings is based on “erratic blocks in the green landscape,” made possible due to the flexibility of form permitted by 3D-printing.



A phased approach to construction allows for research and innovation from the construction of early units to be enacted for later houses. The elements for the first house will be printed at the university, with the goal of shifting the entire process to the construction site for the fifth unit.

The scheme represents the potential impact of 3D-printed concrete on the construction industry, with the ability to construct almost any shape, with a variety of qualities and colors in the same building element. The process also addresses the environmental impact of construction, with the reduction in cement resulting in a decrease in CO2 emissions.

The project is only the latest experiment in 3D-printing to come from the Eindhoven University of Technology, following on from the construction of the world’s first 3D-printed concrete bridge in 2017. The Netherlands is also witnessing the construction of the world’s first 3D-printed metal bridge in Amsterdam.

The first housing unit is expected to be ready for occupation by mid-2019. For the scheme’s design, the Eindhoven University of Technology worked in collaboration with the municipality of Eindhoven, contractor Van Wijnen, real estate manager Vesteda, materials company Saint Gobain-Weber Beamix, and engineering firm Witteveen+Bos.

News via: Eindhoven University of Technology

https://www.archdaily.com/895597/worlds ... -eindhoven
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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By Liam Tung | June 4, 2018 -- 11:50 GMT (12:50 BST)

GPU-maker Nvidia wants to be the core of tomorrow's robots that will run on its Isaac platform and use the new Jetson Xavier system-on-chip (SoC).

The company hopes its new technology will enable smarter robots for across all industries where AI combined with lots of sensors could be useful, from healthcare to manufacturing and no doubt the defense industry.

Nvidia is releasing the Isaac software development kit to assist with building robotics algorithms that will run on its dedicated robotics hardware, Jetson Xavier, unveiled by Nvidia CEO Jen-Hsun Huang at Computex today.

The chip consists of six processing units, including a 512-core Nvidia Volta Tensor Core GPU, an eight-core Carmel Arm64 CPU, a dual NVDLA deep-learning accelerator, and image, vision, and video processors.

It has over nine billion transistors and is capable of 30 trillion operations per second.

Nvidia says it is 10 times more energy efficient and 20 times more powerful than its predecessor, the Jetson TX2, which has a Pascal-based GPU, Nvidia Denver 2 and A57 processing units.

Jetson Xavier also costs twice as much, and will be available to developers from August for $1,299.

But for this price developers will have a souped-up chip, with software, which can handle dozens of algorithms simultaneously so that their robot, like a self-driving car, can make sense of the world around it.

The technology will allow tomorrow's robots to use computer vision and multiple sensors to help them decide a course of action and choose how to communicate with others.

Nvidia also released the Isaac Sim, a simulation environment that developers can use to train robots and perform tests with Jetson Xavier

"AI is the most powerful technology force of our time," said Huang in a statement.

He said its first phase will enable new levels of software automation to boost productivity across industries.

"Next, AI, in combination with sensors and actuators, will be the brain of a new generation of autonomous machines. Someday, there will be billions of intelligent machines in manufacturing, home delivery, warehouse logistics and much more."
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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Pilgrim
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Nog wat leuke filmpjes...

Hyperloop Dubai Vision 2020: Biggest Revolution In Economy & Technology !
enrigue8 - Gepubliceerd op 3 mei 2018



Homes OF The Future: See Why Your House Will Be Amazing In The Future!
enrigue8 - Gepubliceerd op 8 mei 2018



Samsung Future Technology That Will Blow Your Mind - The World In 2020
enrigue8 - Gepubliceerd op 23 feb. 2018



The World In 2050 | Future of the world - Based On Future Technology.
Inventions World - Gepubliceerd op 19 jan. 2018

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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Die hyperloop is in elk geval onhaalbaar, dat weet je toch?
Truth sounds like hate to those who hate truth.
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Ruimtetoeristen vliegen pas na 2019 om de maan

Tim Kraaijvanger, 5 juni 2018

SpaceX stelt de historische vlucht minimaal een jaar uit.

Begin vorig jaar kondigde SpaceX het ambitieuze plan aan om twee ruimtetoeristen in 2018 om de maan te laten vliegen. Dit duo heeft een goedgevulde bankrekening, aangezien zo’n vlucht al snel tientallen miljoenen euro’s per persoon kost. Zo kost een gemiddelde Falcon Heavy-lancering 56 tot 87 miljoen euro. De ruimtetoeristen hebben een flinke aanbetaling gedaan, maar moeten nog even wachten.

SpaceX laat weten dat de vlucht is uitgesteld tot minimaal 2019. Sterker nog: het zou zomaar nog langer kunnen duren. Het zijn de eerste scheuren in het plan van Elon Musk om het zonnestelsel te verkennen en koloniseren. SpaceX geeft zelf geen reden waarom de vlucht is uitgesteld.

Toch is het geen verrassing dat de ruimtetoeristen later dan gepland om onze natuurlijke satelliet slingeren. De Falcon Heavy-raket – die gebruikt wordt om de ruimtetoeristen te lanceren – is pas één keer gelanceerd. Ook is er nog nooit een bemande Dragon 2-ruimtecapsule de ruimte in gegaan. De eerste bemande Dragon 2-vlucht naar het internationale ruimtestation vindt pas later dit jaar plaats, maar waarschijnlijk schuift deze vlucht ook door naar 2019. Het is niet slim om burgers in de ruimte te schieten als Falcon Heavy-lanceringen en Dragon 2-vluchten nog niet routinematig worden afgewerkt.

Risico’s
SpaceX is van plan om meer geld te verdienen aan ruimtetoerisme. Het uiteindelijke doel is om nederzettingen te starten op de maan en op Mars. Dit is niet zonder risico’s. SpaceX werkt nauw samen met NASA. Zo gaat de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie straks Dragon 2-capsules gebruiken als pendelvervoer van en naar het internationale ruimtestation. Maar als SpaceX ook burgers gaat lanceren – en er gaat iets goed mis – dan bestaat er een kans dat NASA de stekker uit de samenwerking trekt. De Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie spreidt haar kansen en werkt daarom ook samen met Boeing.

BFR
En dan is er nog die andere raket: de Big F*cking Rocket. Musk wil deze raket inzetten voor internationale vluchten en voor reizen naar de maan en Mars. In 2024 moeten er vier BFR’s naar de rode planeet gaan, waarvan er twee zijn bemand. Er reizen hierdoor zo’n 400 mensen naar Mars. Vorig jaar beloofde Musk in zes tot negen maanden te starten met de bouw van de eerste BFR, maar het blijft tot nu toe erg stil.

https://www.scientias.nl/ruimtetoeriste ... m-de-maan/
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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By Samia Bouzid on Wed, 06 Jun 2018

Bobby Kasthuri has a problem.

In an effort to understand, on the finest level, what makes us human, he’s set out to create a complete map of the human brain: to chart where every neuron connects to every other neuron. The problem is, the brain has more connections than the Milky Way has stars. Just one millionth of the organ contains more information than all the written works in the Library of Congress. A map of the brain would represent the single largest dataset ever collected about anything in the history of the world.

Making that map seems like a task that could consume not just one lifetime, but dozens. Yet in just three years, it might just be possible.

Kasthuri, a neuroscientist at Argonne National Laboratory, is one of many scientists whose research will use a new supercomputer the lab is building, which is scheduled to be deployed by 2021. The computer, called Aurora 21, will run one quintillion operations in parallel —a billion billion calculations— putting it on par with the processing power of the human brain. For the U.S., which has lagged behind China in an intensifying supercomputing race since 2013, this milestone —exascale computing power— is both a national status symbol and a scientific game-changer.

The demands for a simulation of the brain are immense, and just building a computer like Aurora 21 is a massive undertaking. The finished computer is expected to cost hundreds of millions of dollars. It will occupy around a quarter-acre, have thousands of miles of wiring, and, if supercomputer trends continue, draw as much electricity as a medium-sized city.

Aurora 21 is designed for more than just simulating our brains. It will be able to perform computationally demanding simulations for tasks as diverse as predicting the weather, tracing the evolution of the cosmos, and understanding how new medicines will interact with the human body.

Every computing milestone brings new possibilities for research, says Rick Stevens, Argonne’s associate laboratory director for computing, environment, and life sciences. But this one holds particular promise for neuroscience. In providing the capacity to simulate the brain, the supercomputer could illuminate the largely mysterious processes that underpin human learning, behavior, and even psychiatric disorders.

The promise of breakthroughs like these drive this arms race, says Michela Taufer, professor of high-performance computing at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The victor won’t necessarily have the biggest computer or the most medals, she says. “The metric of success is what kind of science you enable.”

Mapping the Brain

Early in his career, Kasthuri was struck by the fact that a fruit fly hatches from its egg fully competent, already knowing how to fly, while a human baby is born so utterly helpless that it’ll die of starvation without someone to feed it. He knew that this helplessness, the years we spend developing into functional adults, had to be key to what makes us human.

“We trade off being competent for being able to learn almost anything,” Kasthuri says. We’re born with a blank slate of some 100 billion neurons that get arranged and rearranged over time to create the hardware we run on.

But no one really understands how, exactly, that hardware is wired. So it’s at the level of these neurons that Kasthuri has set out to explore the brain.

With the help of Aurora 21, he’ll be able to piece together millions of two-dimensional images, reconstructing the brain in three dimensions—essentially creating a map, known as a connectome. In many ways, it’s like a city map. “That map of the streets in the city is going to tell you something about what that dynamic city is like,” Kasthuri says, like which parts sustain the most traffic and which parts are directly connected to others.

An exascale computer would be the first machine capable of crunching through such a massive amount of data at an efficient pace —in theory, letting scientists like Kasthuri map multiple brains. “There’s no way we want to do just one brain,” Kasthuri says. The most interesting findings, he expects, will come from comparisons. How does the connectome vary between two adults with different skills? Between an adult and a baby?

Kasthuri even hopes to compare a human brain with that of an octopus. Our last common ancestor was probably some worm-like creature that lived 600 million years ago, meaning that the octopus, which can learn and solve problems much like humans, evolved independently. But Kasthuri wonders what structural principles our brains share and what those principles reveal about how we think and learn. “Is there only one plan for a brain that can problem-solve?” Kasthuri wonders. “Or is there more than one way to skin that cat?”

That’s not something an unaided human could discern. It would be like looking at New York City’s roads, subway lines, air traffic, and shipping lanes and trying to understand where everyone is going. Fortunately, it’s just the job for a high-performance computer. Stevens, who has been working on plans for Aurora 21 since 2007, jokes that it helps that supercomputers don’t get bored poring over millions of images. “We need this kind of idiot-savant brain to understand the real brain,” he says.

Beyond the Structural Map

The structural map is just one part of the story, though. With just a street map, Kasthuri says, you never really know where traffic might build up or why. Likewise, the structure of the brain is just a starting point.

Kasthuri hopes to combine a structural map with collaborators’ maps of the brain’s electrical activity, or “traffic,” to see how the two together influence a person’s learning and behavior.

If successful, the technology could make waves in the medical field. Susie Huang, a radiologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and researcher with the Human Connectome Project, says that many disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, are likely rooted in anomalies in the structure of neurons.

“A lot of how we diagnose disease is looking under a microscope and saying, ‘OK, these cells are altered, so therefore you have this kind of disease,’ ” she says. But MRIs and other current brain-imaging methods are too coarse and can’t easily suss out such anomalies. They can’t tie together cause and effect.

A fine-grained map of the brain could change that, she says, and help doctors diagnose psychiatric disorders or possibly even predict them.

A Changing Field

For other neuroscientists, like Columbia University’s Rafael Yuste, the most exciting part is not the map itself but how a national lab for neuroscience could transform the field. “Neuroscience has operated always a little bit like a ma-and-pa store,” he says, with small labs working within the limits of their budgets and the tools they can develop. But more recently, it’s begun to outgrow that model.

Kasthuri says that neuroscience has quietly evolved into a big-data field —“and we didn’t realize it as a community till five or ten years ago.”

Other fields have had to cope with similar growing pains. It’s a phase that the field of physics outgrew decades ago as researchers around the world started getting their data from large observatories and particle accelerators. Now, Yuste and Kasthuri believe, neuroscience needs to scale up, too.

Aurora 21 will help catalyze that transformation. It’s happened in other fields like physics, where massive, expensive tools push scientists to work together more by sharing time on the machines to gain access to their potential for discovery. In the process, those collaborations advance the field in a way that a lone machine or hundreds of independent scientists never could. Yuste hopes that this is the beginning of more collaborative and ambitious neuroscience.

Yuste led the team that first proposed a detailed map of the brain’s activity in the summer of 2011 at a meeting discussing the future of the field. He argued that the holy grail of neuroscience was to break the neural code —that is, to read the activity of every neuron in the brain and map that activity to a behavior. It was a goal separate from Kasthuri’s connectome but similar in scope. “Many people were very critical,” Yuste recalls. “They said that you couldn’t do it —it was impossible.”

Then, he says, George Church, one of the pioneers of the Human Genome Project, stood up from the seat next to him. Church said he’d heard these criticisms before. People had said similar things about the Human Genome Project, and they’d been wrong. Yuste says that’s when the conversation shifted.

Church is more modest about his role. “I’m not one to twist arms,” Church says. “There are a lot of things that I’ve run up the flagpole that, if nobody salutes, I just slink away with my tail between my legs.” But he says the moment was right for this one. The technology, the excitement, the ambition—they were all there.

Yuste and Church supported what ended up being the multi-billion-dollar BRAIN Initiative, an Obama-era grand challenge which funds research that attempts to understand how the brain works. Both Yuste’s and Kasthuri’s work on mapping the brain are just two of the “impossible” projects that the initiative has set in motion.

“It’s not exactly analogous, but I often think of the moonshot,” Kasthuri says. He thinks about how the average age of a NASA scientist was only 28 when the first crew landed on the moon in 1969 and about how the challenge fascinated a generation of scientists.

Kasthuri can’t be sure how his project will play out. In some respect, it’ll probably fail, he says with a laugh. “It seems enormous and monumental. A lot of those things don’t work,” he adds. “That’s just the nature of trying to do something incredibly hard.” But he’s inspired by having a challenge that captures his imagination.

For Taufer, the high-performance computing scientist, supercomputers like Aurora 21 swing open the door to possibilities that don’t exist in real life —the ability to test medicine, infrastructure, even weaponry free of the cost, safety, and ethical concerns that constrain real-life experiments.

But as grandiose as the possibilities are, Taufer emphasizes that the applications will work their way into our everyday lives, from predicting the weather to assessing the safety of our aging bridges and fighting common diseases like Alzheimer’s.

Despite the stiff competition between the U.S. and China, ultimately the supercomputer age is not about any one country or any one project, Taufer says, but about the diversity of science being made possible. “I look at this machine and I see a key to a solution.”
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Frederic Lardinois | June 8, 2018, 10:00:28 PST (19:00:28 CEST)

IBM and the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) today's unveiled Summit, the department's newest supercomputer. IBM claims that Summit is currently the world's "most powerful and smartest scientific supercomputer" with a peak performance of a whopping 200,000 trillion calculations per second. That performance should put it comfortably at the top of the Top 500 supercomputer ranking when the new list is published later this month. That would also mark the first time since 2012 that a U.S.-based supercomputer holds the top spot on that list.

Summit, which has been in the works for a few years now, features 4,608 compute servers with two 22-core IBM Power9 chips and six Nvidia Tesla V100 GPUs each. In total, the system also features over 10 petabytes of memory. Given the presence of the Nvidia GPUs, it's no surprise that the system is meant to be used for machine learning and deep learning applications, as well as the usual high performance computing workloads for research in energy and advanced materials that you would expect to happen at Oak Ridge.

IBM was the general contractor for Summit and the company collaborated with Nvidia, RedHat and InfiniBand networking specialists Mellanox on delivering the new machine.

"Summit's AI-optimized hardware also gives researchers an incredible platform for analyzing massive datasets and creating intelligent software to accelerate the pace of discovery," said Jeff Nichols, ORNL associate laboratory director for computing and computational sciences, in today's announcement.

Summit is one of two of these next-generation supercomputers that IBM is building for the DEO. The second one is Sierra, which will be housed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Sierra, which is also scheduled to go online this year, is less powerful at an expected 125 petaflops, but both systems are significantly more powerful than any other machine in the DoE's arsenal right now.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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America is unprepared for the "jobs apocalypse" automation will bring

MoneyWatch June 8, 2018, 2:35 PM

Afbeelding

In coming years, U.S. workers -- especially low skilled, low wage workers -- are set to face a major economic disruption as automation and the robotic revolution are expected to replace millions of jobs once held by humans.

But policymakers and businesses are ill-prepared to help workers navigate the transition and adapt the skills needed to survive the "economic tsunami," Axios Editor Steve LeVine reports.
"The biggest takeaway is that the future is now," LeVine told CBSN in an interview on Friday.

"We're not prepared at all," he said, for the "jobs apocalypse" resulting from automation.

Part of the problem is that policymakers are not moving quickly enough to update the education system and provide workers with the skills that will be needed when these bottom-tier jobs are replaced by automation.

"You see scores of companies complaining they can't find enough skilled labor...they are not prepared to train new workers. And as a country we have not even started talking about, 'How do we retrain our workforce?'" LeVine said.

At least 10 million U.S. jobs are at high risk of losing out to automation in the next decade as companies replace them with machines, a recent analysis from research firm CB Insights found.

Some of the top jobs at risk include "fast casual cooks" -- think burger makers and coffee servers. One burger chain in California is already making use of a robot, called "Flippy," to cook burgers. Movers, warehouse workers and retail workers including cashiers are also threatened, according to the report. As autonomous cars move from myth to reality, taxi drivers, too, could become a thing of the past.

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/u-s-policy ... pocalypse/
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Tesla's krijgen update met volledig zelfrijdende functies

Gepubliceerd: 11 juni 2018

Afbeelding

Tesla brengt in augustus software-updates voor zijn auto's uit, waarmee de eerste volledig zelfrijdende functies worden ingeschakeld.

Dat zegt Tesla-topman Elon Musk op Twitter.

Volgens Musk waren software-updates van de Autopilot-functie tot nu toe volledig gericht op veiligheid. Met de nieuwste versie van de Autopilot-sofware worden voor het eerst ook volledig zelfrijdende functies ingeschakeld.

Recente auto's van Tesla zijn voorzien van alle sensoren en systemen om zelfstandig te kunnen rijden. De software was er echter nog niet klaar voor, bovendien zijn volledig zelfrijdende auto's voor consumenten nog in geen enkel land legaal.

Deels zelfrijdend
Met de huidige software hebben auto's van Tesla al wel deels zelfrijdende functies. Het gaat daarbij om een geavanceerde vorm van cruisecontrol, waarbij de auto op de snelweg zelfstandig afstand kan houden tot zijn voorganger, en zelfs automatisch van rijbaan kan wisselen.

Hoewel de functie nadrukkelijk niet bedoeld is voor rijden zonder handen of aandacht op de weg, gaat dat soms toch fout. Tesla-chauffeurs behandelen de rijondersteuning als zelfrijdende functie, soms met dodelijke ongelukken tot gevolg.

Het is nog niet bekend welke zelfrijdende functies er worden toegevoegd met de nieuwe updates. Het zal niet direct gaan om een volledig systeem voor zelfstandige navigatie van A naar B, eerder om gevallen waarin de chauffeur het stuur tijdens het rijden mag loslaten.

Met de nieuwe update worden ook nog nieuwe veiligheidsfuncties toegevoegd. Zo wordt het systeem beter in het omgaan met samenvoegende rijbanen in de spits.

Door: NU.nl

https://www.nu.nl/gadgets/5306978/tesla ... cties.html
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Door Erwin Boogert (Emerce) , 11 juni 2018 - 12:59

Automatisering en kunstmatige intelligentie zullen komende jaren banen overnemen in de marketingsector, ook of juist die van specialistische online marketeers. Dat zegt de topman van Rocket Internet Oliver Samwer.

Samwer was vorige week een van de sprekers op de Noah Conference in Berlijn en deed daar zijn voorspelling.

De investerende ondernemer ziet de recente ontslagronde bij Zalando als een signaal dat internationaal zal doorklinken. De modewinkel maakte in maart 2018 bekend dat het 250 medewerkers van de afdeling Marketing ontslaat als gevolg van verregaande automatisering.

Die groep heeft afgelopen jaren geholpen om een marketingmachine neer te zetten die sterk leunt op data en profielen. Computers verzamelen niet alleen data maar beslissen ook welke klant wanneer welke boodschap of selectie te zien krijgt. Veel mensen zijn daarbij niet meer nodig. Voor programmeurs en dataspecialisten daarentegen staan de deuren wagenwijd open.

De topman van Rocket Internet denkt dat de banen van SEO- en socialmediaspecialisten binnenkort worden overgenomen door slimme computers.

iProspect deed een half jaar geleden in Amsterdam al een test om te zien wie er wint: de mens of de computer. Bij de proef keek het marketingbedrijf of een senior beter een campagne (Opel) managet of een computer. De laatste won. Moederbedrijf Dentsu Aegis Nederland lichtte destijds toe: “De gerealiseerde CPA (cost per action) binnen de machinecampagne was tien procent lager dan binnen de campagne die werd aangestuurd door de senior consultant.”
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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Bloomberg sends journalist Ashlee Vance to Canada to visit with the founders of Lyrebird, who have created an AI that can "clone human voices with frightening precision."
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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by Will Knight June 12, 2018

Neural networks are the crown jewel of the AI boom. They gorge on data and do things like transcribe speech or describe images with near-perfect accuracy (see “10 breakthrough technologies 2013: Deep learning”).

The catch is that neural nets, which are modeled loosely on the structure of the human brain, are typically constructed in software rather than hardware, and the software runs on conventional computer chips. That slows things down.

IBM has now shown that building key features of a neural net directly in silicon can make it 100 times more efficient. Chips built this way might turbocharge machine learning in coming years.

The IBM chip, like a neural net written in software, mimics the synapses that connect individual neurons in a brain. The strength of these synaptic connections needs to be tuned in order for the network to learn. In a living brain, this happens in the form of connections growing or withering over time. That is easy to reproduce in software but has proved infuriatingly difficult to achieve with hardware, until now.

The IBM researchers demonstrate the microelectronic synapses in a research paper published in the journal Nature. Their approach takes inspiration from neuroscience by using two types of synapses: short-term ones for computation and long-term ones for memory. This method “addresses a few key issues,” most notably low accuracy, that have bedeviled previous efforts to build artificial neural networks in silicon, says Michael Schneider, a researcher at that National Institute of Science and Technology who is researching neurologically inspired computer hardware.

The researchers tested a neural network built from the components of two simple image-recognition tasks: handwriting and color image classification. They found the system to be as accurate as a software-based deep neural network even though it consumed only 1 percent as much energy.

The discovery isn’t only important for AI. If it scales to commercial production, it could vindicate a big bet IBM has been making. Although the company doesn’t sell computer chips these days, it has been investing in efforts to reinvent computer hardware, hoping that fundamentally new types of microelectronic components might help provide impetus for the next big advances. This new technique could be a first step, making machine learning more efficient and easier to deploy on small devices like smartphones.

“A factor of 100 in energy efficiency and in training speed for fully connected layers certainly seems worth further effort,” says Schneider. Not everyone is convinced, however. Kwabena Boahen, who researches computer architectures at Stanford, says the work reminds him of the hype surrounding “memristors,” a tunable type of transistor somewhat analogous to a synapse, which has been under development for over a decade.

The design of IBM’s chips is also still relatively clunky, consisting of five transistors and three other components where there would be a single transistor on a normal chip. Some aspects of the system, moreover, have so far been tested only in simulation, a common technique for validating microchip designs. IBM will still need to build and test a complete chip. Nevertheless, the work may be a significant, biologically inspired step toward a computer with AI logic burned into its core.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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Bedrijf Elon Musk mag tunnel voor openbaar vervoer aanleggen in Chicago

Gepubliceerd: 14 juni

Afbeelding

Het tunnelbedrijf The Boring Company van Elon Musk gaat een ondergrondse hogesnelheidslijn aanleggen tussen het centrum van Chicago en het vliegveld O'Hare Airport.

Het gaat om een systeem waarin voertuigen met 240 kilometer per uur door een tunnel gaan, schrijft Reuters.

Er passen zestien passagiers in een voertuig. De rit van het vliegveld naar Chicago duurt in plaats van 30 tot 45 minuten nog maar 12 minuten, claimt The Boring Company.

De officiële bekendmaking van de opdracht vindt waarschijnlijk op donderdag plaats. The Boring Company bekostigt de bouw van de tunnel zelf.

The Boring Company begon achttien maanden geleden, nadat Musk zich over het verkeer in Los Angeles beklaagde en op Twitter opperde dat hij een tunnelboorbedrijf zou beginnen om onder de files door te kunnen graven.

Openbaar vervoer
Het bedrijf van Musk kondigde in maart aan zijn focus te verleggen naar ondergrondse tunnels in steden voor openbaar vervoer.

Voorheen was het de bedoeling dat auto's op hoge snelheid ondergronds vervoerd konden worden. In de nieuwe plannen bestaat dat idee nog steeds, maar krijgen andere passagiers voorrang.

In april haalde The Boring Company 112,5 miljoen dollar aan investeringen op, waarvan het grootste deel uit de zak van Musk kwam.

Door: NU.nl/ANP

https://www.nu.nl/gadgets/5312291/bedri ... icago.html
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Ray Kurzweil over een ver doorgedachte mogelijke toekomst :

What Will Happen After The Technological Singularity? - Ray Kurzweil

Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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The Rich Are Planning to Leave This Wretched Planet

By Sheila Marikar - June 9, 2018

Afbeelding
This rendering could be of you, in space, if Axiom builds its space station, and you pay them $50 million. CreditAxiom Space

Here comes private space travel — with cocktails, retro-futuristic Philippe Starck designs and Wi-Fi. Just $55 million a trip!

HOUSTON — In an era in which privileged individuals search constantly for the next experience to obsess over and post about on social media, space truly remains the final frontier, a luxury that only the one percent of the one percent can afford. Brad Pitt and Katy Perry are among those who have reportedly plunked down $250,000 for a ride on one of Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic spaceships, undaunted by a 2014 test flight that crashed and killed one pilot.

Now a company called Axiom Space is giving those with piles of money and an adventuresome spirit something new to lust after: the prospect of an eight-day trip to space that is plush, if not entirely comfortable, and with a bit of the luster of NASA as well.

Circumambulating the floor of his gray carpeted office on a recent Wednesday, Mike Suffredini — NASA veteran, Houston native and the chief executive officer of Axiom Space — stopped in front of a wood compartment about as big as a telephone booth.

“It’s no New York hotel room,” he said with a shrug, as if apologizing for its size.

“It pretty much is, actually!” said Gabrielle Rein, Axiom’s marketing director.

“It” was an early mock-up of a cabin that will reside inside a commercial space station, among the first of its kind, that Axiom is building: a mash-up of boutique hotel, adult space camp, and NASA-grade research facility designed to hover approximately 250 miles above the earth. Axiom hired Philippe Starck, the French designer who has lent panache to everything from high-end hotel rooms to mass-market baby monitors, to outfit the interior of its cabins. Mr. Starck lined the walls with a padded, quilted, cream-colored, suede-like fabric and hundreds of tiny LED lights that glow in varying hues depending on the time of day and where the space station is floating in relation to the earth.

“My vision is to create a comfortable egg, friendly, where walls are so soft and in harmony with the movements of the human body in zero gravity,” Mr. Starck wrote in an email, calling his intended effect “a first approach to infinity. The traveler should physically and mentally feel his or her action of floating in the universe.”

Brace for the rise of the cosmos-scenti.

At NASA, Mr. Suffredini spent a decade managing the International Space Station, the hulking, 20-year-old research facility in low Earth orbit. This gives him a certain edge over Mr. Branson and Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, who is overseeing Blue Origin. (The majority of Axiom’s 60 employees also hail from NASA.) At least Mr. Suffredini thinks so.

“The guys who are doing Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic are going to the edge of space — they’re not going into orbit,” he said. “What they’re doing is a cool experience. It gives you about 15 minutes of microgravity and you see the curvature of the earth, but you don’t get the same experience that you get from viewing the earth from above, and spending time reflecting, contemplating.”

And, naturally, posting to Instagram.

“There will be Wi-Fi,” Mr. Suffredini said. “Everybody will be online. They can make phone calls, sleep, look out the window.”

Maybe it will be so nice they’ll want to stay there.

Afbeelding
A rendering that screams "open the pod bay doors." CreditAxiom Space

But the Cost! And the Claustrophobia!
The Starck-designed station will supposedly open in 2022, but Axiom says they can start sending curious travelers into orbit as early as 2020. (Note: nearly everything space-related is delayed by years, sometimes decades.) They’ll just have to make do with the comparatively rugged accommodations of the International Space Station, which is working with Axiom in addition to other commercial space station outfits.

Axiom’s station can house eight passengers, including a professional astronaut. Each will pay $55 million for the adventure, which includes 15 weeks of training, much of it at the Johnson Space Center, a 10-minute drive from Axiom’s headquarters, and possibly a trip on one of Elon Musk’s SpaceX rockets. Thus far, three entities have signed up for on-the-ground training, which starts at $1 million, Mr. Suffredini said, though he declined to name them. The inaugural trip will be only $50 million. “It’s a bargain!” he said.

“The lion’s share of the cost comes from the flight up and down,” Mr. Suffredini went on. “Rocket rides are expensive. You know people” — meaning competitors — “don’t know what they’re talking about if they’re quoting prices substantially less than what we’re stating.”

In the land rush to space, as it were, Aurora Station, a luxury space hotel being built by Orion Span, another Houston-based aerospace company, announced in April that it would charge $9.5 million per passenger for a 12-day trip, but did not mention the cost of the rocket ride there and back. (Meanwhile, NanoRacks says they’ll build space “outposts” from spent rocket stages and will create “near space” habitats, including for tourism, and Bigelow Aerospace says they’re putting big inflatable space pods into orbit, though tourism isn’t their focus.)

Phil Larson, a former space policy adviser to President Barack Obama who also worked for SpaceX, doesn’t expect travel prices to drop dramatically in the next few years. “These habitat and outpost companies are great, but we need to solve the launch cost and transportation problem,” said Mr. Larson. “It’s like the biggest elephant in the room nobody talks about.”

The barriers to entry, beyond cost? Being 21 or older — there’s no age cap — and passing a medical exam, administered before the rest of training begins, as well as “The Right Stuff”-like tests of mind and mettle, like a spin in a human centrifuge (even the YouTube videos are hard to stomach). “Not only do you experience the Gs, you get put into a can that’s really — I mean, if you’re going to be a little claustrophobic, this is where you’re going to feel it,” said Mr. Suffredini. “About half the people that fly get sick for the first two or three days. Going with us for eight days gives you a chance to get over that. If you don’t get sick, you have all this time!”

Axiom guests will be required to wear a NASA-grade spacesuit for the rocket ride to and from the station. (Features include a fiberglass torso and a drink tube for consuming small sips of water. Also, a diaper.) Years after Pierre Cardin, Paco Rabanne and Andre Courrèges envisioned space-age fashion, Axiom is also in talks with a high-end European fashion house it also declined to name about custom-designing leisure suits travelers can wear once they dock. “They will be tailored to each person and can be customized with their own logo, if they want,” Ms. Rein said “It’s a very special keepsake and part of their luxury experience.”

Afbeelding
Space: a rendering of where nothing bad ever happens. CreditAxiom Space

Glamping at 1,320,000 Feet
To understand the grand scale of Axiom’s plans, it helps to know that astronauts have, thus far, largely been roughing it up there. The Johnson Space Center contains a life-size mock-up of the ISS, whose drab, beige interior is lined with drab, gray handholds to tether down things and people, necessary given the lack of gravity. A tour guide quaintly referred to the onboard bathroom as a “potty.” There are no showers.

“The few folks that have gone to orbit as tourists, it wasn’t really a luxurious experience, it was kind of like camping,” said Mr. Suffredini. The Axiom station will still have hand holds, but thanks to Mr. Starck (who Mr. Suffredini hadn’t heard of before Axiom’s branding consultant suggested they hire him) they will be plated in gold or wrapped in buttery leather, like the steering wheel of a Mercedes. Axiom’s private cabins will have screens for Netflixing and chilling — there’s not a lot to do up there, although going outside to do a spacewalk is a possibility — and there will be a great, glass-walled cupola to gather with travelers and take in a more panoramic view of the earth, perhaps with an adult beverage.

“Wine and cocktails work well,” said Michael Baine, Axiom’s chief engineer. “Beer and carbonated beverages do not. You don’t have the gravity to separate the carbon dioxide in your stomach so it causes a lot of bloating.” (Shades of the Fizzy-Lifting Drink scene in “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.”)

Afbeelding
Crew luggage that converts into a closet! CreditAxiom Space

You’ll want to pack deodorant. “There's a hygiene compartment where you do kind of a sponge bath,” said Mr. Suffredini.

Fond of folksy sayings (he referred to wine as “fruit of the vine”) and thorough explanations, Mr. Suffredini, who is 59, retired from NASA in 2015 with the intent of starting a commercial space venture. Soon after leaving, he became the president of the commercial space division of the engineering firm Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, and in 2016, launched Axiom, which has raised more than $10 million in funding so far.

“We’ve met their engineers, we’ve seen their plans, we hired domain experts that grilled them and did a deeper dive,” said Lisa Rich, a founder of Hemisphere Ventures and an early Axiom investor. “Everything came up with ‘This is a big go sign, we’ve got to get in on this.’”

“At the Johnson Space Center, when Mike walks down the hall, they’re all practically saluting him,” Ms. Rich said. “He’s a legend in his own right.”

Mr. Suffredini’s professional life has revolved around space. “I was like everybody who watched Neil Armstrong walk on the moon and decided that NASA was cool and wanted to work there,” he said. But while he’s overseen many missions, he hasn’t been in orbit and has no plans to see Axiom for himself. (“We’d have to work out who’s going to cover my cost,” he demurred, when asked.)

Still, Mr. Suffredini sees Axiom as a necessary step in continuing scientific research and development in space, which he believes is crucial to the survival of our species. His company may cater to rich thrill seekers, but he insists he is an idealist.

“If you just go visit and come back, you’re not pioneering,” he said. “You’ve got to pioneer.”

Pioneers include countries who have yet to send someone to space (a German organization seeking to get that country’s first female astronaut in orbit is in talks with Axiom), material-science researchers, and biologists trying to understand how the human body adapts outside earth’s atmosphere. Also, maybe, Tupperware.

“They’re interested in working with us,” Mr. Suffredini said, “testing different types of containers, seeing how you can cook in them in a sort of clean way. But with this idea, this grand idea that we have, comes cleaning dishes and cleaning a microwave, and who wants to do that? Pretty soon we’re going to be flying a butler with every crew.”

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/09/styl ... ravel.html
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xplosive schreef:Ray Kurzweil over een ver doorgedachte mogelijke toekomst
Nanobots door wormgaten naar andere dimensies. Doe die man een witte piyama aan en knoop z'n mouwen dicht.
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Videobellen met je smart watch wordt al heel gewoon...

Connecte SmartWatch Facebook video call Messenger Wi-Fi or sim card
François Panorama - Gepubliceerd op 1 okt. 2016



Video call on Dokiwatch
Xykophil - Gepubliceerd op 16 aug. 2016

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Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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The Shift From 4G to 5G Will Change Just About Everything

Including speed, bandwidth and low latency

By Alissa Fleck - June 18, 2018

Afbeelding

Telecom experts are going so far as to herald the arrival of 5G as the advent of the fourth industrial revolution. There are an ever-expanding number of high-tech devices out there trying to connect to the internet every day, many of which require extensive bandwidth, and companies across the board will leverage 5G capabilities to better reach consumers.

“The application of 5G technology will result in massive changes for both consumers and enterprises,” said Jeff Weisbein, founder and CEO of digital media company Best Techie. “5G networks will offer consumers incredible broadband speeds at home (up to 20Gb/s). It will also enable companies to make advancements such as even smarter, better connected cars, advancements in medical technologies and improved retail experiences through personalization.”

5G refers to 5th-Generation Wireless Systems and uses additional spectrum in the existing LTE frequency range to build on the capabilities of 4G, which is often used interchangeably with 4G LTE by marketers. LTE denotes Long Term Evolution, and is a term that was deployed with early 4G networks that presented a substantial improvement on 3G, but did not fully qualify as 4G, meaning 4G LTE is essentially first-generation 4G.

“Through a combination of high speeds, massive bandwidth and super low latency, 5G will allow for improvements in AR, VR, robotics, cloud gaming, immersive education, healthcare and more,” said John O’Malley, a spokesperson for Verizon. “It will allow you to send so much more data so much faster and technology will be more responsive.”

We’ve briefly covered in the past how 5G could change the marketing landscape, but how exactly can we expect 5G to differ from its predecessors?

Improved precision
5G uses unique radio frequencies that are higher and more directional than those used by 4G. The directionality of 5G is important because 4G towers send data all over, which can waste power and energy and ultimately weaken access to the internet. 4G networks use frequencies below 6 GHz, while 5G will use much higher frequencies in the 30 GHz to 300 GHz range.

The larger the frequency, the greater its ability to support fast data without interfering with other wireless signals or becoming overly cluttered.

5G also uses shorter wavelengths than 4G, which means antennas can be shorter without interfering with the direction of the wavelengths. 5G can therefore support approximately 1,000 more devices per meter than 4G. On 5G, more data will more quickly get to more people with less latency and disruption to meet surging data demands.

5G networks can also more precisely understand the data being requested and can self-modulate power mode (low when not in use or high when you’re streaming HD video, for example), generally making devices more user-friendly.

Low latency/more bandwidth
With 5G, it takes less time for the signal to travel, which translates to low levels of latency. “We’re talking latency of a millisecond on 5G networks,” said O’Malley. Pages will load much faster, allowing for a significantly greater immersive experience, particularly in the realms of VR and AR.

Video sharing on social media mushroomed with the arrival of 4G/LTE, and will continue to escalate across all apps and services with the coming of 5G.

“Video now makes up more than half of our mobile data traffic,” said Mo Katibeh, CMO, AT&T Business. “Our video traffic grew over 75 percent and smartphones drove almost 75 percent of our data traffic in the last year alone. ‘Viral videos’ and ‘binge watching’ are part of the cultural lexicon now.”

“Technologies such as AI and machine learning offer great potential, but require high bandwidth and low latency to achieve optimal performance,” said Katibeh. “The same is true for technologies like virtual reality and augmented reality, which can offer a customer experience like nothing before.”

For example, a home decor brand could use 5G and immersive VR to show customers what furniture would look like in their homes, or a financial services company could transform an ATM into a full-service branch powered by video conferencing over a 5G wireless connection.

Ultra-low latency applications provide endless opportunities and will revolutionize the way consumers shop. “In the not-too-distant future, mirrors could be replaced with high resolution monitors with Internet of Things (IoT) cameras that allow you to ‘virtually’ try on dozens or hundreds of combinations of clothing,” offered Katibeh. “You could ‘swipe right’ to try on another shirt or even automatically get recommendations on accessories.”

Autonomous cars could use live maps for real-time navigation on 5G, which is crucial to their efficacy, and could eliminate some of the problems currently experienced with self-driving cars.

Higher download speeds
Everybody wants their device to be working at peak speed, and this is easier to achieve when there are fewer devices and other interferences affecting speed. 5G has the potential to be 20 times faster than 4G, meaning you can download things 20 times faster or download more in less time. 5G has a peak speed of 20 Gb/s, while 4G’s is only 1 Gb/s.

However, things rarely work at peak speed, so it’s important to take into consideration normal speeds as well. Because 5G has not yet been released, experts agreed it’s hard to say accurately how much faster it will operate than 4G, but estimates put it at at least 10 times faster than 4G.

What’s next?
There will not be an overnight shift from 4G to 5G, O’Malley explained. 4G will continue to run in parallel with 5G and 5G will be rolled out gradually. Verizon is rolling out 5G first in residential broadband in three to five markets including Los Angeles and Sacramento and will soon announce additional plans for rollouts.

Following residential broadband, consumers will notice 5G on mobile devices and then in places like smart homes and municipalities.

It’s too early to say how 5G is going to impact carriers, O’Malley said. There is much about the impact of 5G that remains to be seen. In light of the arrival of 5G, Katibeh said AT&T plans to virtualize 75 percent of its core functions by 2020.

Of course new technology always brings new obstacles–the impending greater connectivity makes security paramount and will be a key challenge for businesses.

“Who would have thought five years ago you could take a smartphone and catch a car without exchanging money,” said O’Malley. “The things we’re going to see in a few years with 5G, we cannot even imagine right now.”

https://www.adweek.com/digital/the-shif ... verything/
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IBM ontwikkelt ai-systeem dat kan debatteren

Ontwikkelaars van Debater zaten ook achter Project Watson

19 juni 2018 | Frederic Petitjean

Afbeelding

Een machine die zijn mannetje kan staan in een debat met een mens. Dat is Project Debater van IBM. Big Blue stelde deze nieuwste artificial intelligence (ai)-innovatie voor op een evenement in San Francisco.

Moet de overheid meer subsidies toekennen aan ruimte-exploratie? En waarom gebruiken we niet vaker tele-gezondheidszorg? Dat waren de onderwerpen van twee debatten in San Francisco waar Project Debater aan mee deed, een ai-systeem van een researchteam van IBM. De ontwikkelaars zijn dezelfde als die achter Project Watson, een eerder ai-project dat IBM ondertussen al commercialiseert, onder meer aan de geneesmiddelenindustrie.

Debater is het allereerste ai-systeem dat op zinvolle manier kan interacteren met mensen bij een volledig live debat. Het luistert vier minuten naar de stellingen van zijn ‘tegenstander’ en probeert die dan onderuit te halen, onderbouwd met argumentatie. Het systeem werd niet op voorhand getraind over de onderwerpen die het voor de kiezen krijgt, maar haalt zijn argumenten uit honderden miljoenen papers, rapporten en nieuwsartikelen.

Mijlpaal
Volgens de website Venturebeat, dat bij het debat aanwezig was, was de uitleg van Project Debater niet altijd even helder en staat het systeem nog niet op het niveau van menselijke redevoeringen, maar toch is dit een mijlpaal die tot voor kort ver buiten het bereik van computers lag. Debaters moet immers niet alleen de woorden begrijpen van het debat, maar moet ook rekening houden met de context waarin ze gebruikt worden.

IBM heeft een speciale website opgezet met meer informatie over het project. Het bedrijf geeft daarbij ook aan welke researchdomeinen het systeem allemaal al beïnvloedden. Daarbij onder meer het identificeren van argumenten in een document en het genereren van nieuwe argumenten, maar ook het vaststellen of een argument een bepaalde stelling ondersteunt en het toekennen van een score aan een argument.

https://www.computable.nl/artikel/nieuw ... teren.html
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Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

Hier een video ter demonstratie :

IBM robot Project Debater can argue with humans

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xplosive
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Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

 
Brian Wang | June 17, 2018

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IBM Research AI team demonstrated deep neural network (DNN) training with large arrays of analog memory devices at the same accuracy as a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)-based system. This is a major step on the path to the kind of hardware accelerators necessary for the next AI breakthroughs. Why? Because delivering the Future of AI will require vastly expanding the scale of AI calculations.

Above – Crossbar arrays of non-volatile memories can accelerate the training of fully connected neural networks by performing computation at the location of the data.

This new approach allows deep neural networks to run hundreds of times faster than with GPUs, using hundreds of times less energy.

IBM built key features of a neural net directly in silicon can make it hundreds of times more efficient. Hundreds of times better in energy efficiency and in training speed for fully connected layers is worth further effort.

This could enable advanced personalized artificial intelligence (AI) running on your smartphone — instantly presenting the information that’s relevant to you in real time. Or a supercomputer that requires hundreds of times less energy.

DNNs must get larger and faster, both in the cloud and at the edge – and this means energy-efficiency must improve dramatically. While better GPUs or other digital accelerators can help to some extent, such systems unavoidably spend a lot of time and energy moving data from memory to processing and back. They can improve both speed and energy-efficiency by performing AI calculations in the analog domain with right at the location of the data – but this only makes sense to do if the resulting neural networks are just as smart as those implemented with conventional digital hardware.

Analog techniques, involving continuously variable signals rather than binary 0s and 1s, have inherent limits on their precision — which is why modern computers are generally digital computers. However, AI researchers have begun to realize that their DNN models still work well even when digital precision is reduced to levels that would be far too low for almost any other computer application. Thus, for DNNs, it’s possible that maybe analog computation could also work.

However, until now, no one had conclusively proven that such analog approaches could do the same job as today’s software running on conventional digital hardware. That is, can DNNs really be trained to equivalently high accuracies with these techniques? There is little point to being faster or more energy-efficient in training a DNN if the resulting classification accuracies are always going to be unacceptably low.

In their paper, they describe how analog non-volatile memories (NVM) can efficiently accelerate the “backpropagation” algorithm at the heart of many recent AI advances. These memories allow the “multiply-accumulate” operations used throughout these algorithms to be parallelized in the analog domain, at the location of weight data, using underlying physics. Instead of large circuits to multiply and add digital numbers together, they pass a small current through a resistor into a wire, and then connect many such wires together to let the currents build up. This lets them perform many calculations at the same time, rather than one after the other. And instead of shipping digital data on long journeys between digital memory chips and processing chips, we can perform all the computation inside the analog memory chip.

However, due to various imperfections inherent to today’s analog memory devices, previous demonstrations of DNN training performed directly on large arrays of real NVM devices failed to achieve classification accuracies that matched those of software-trained networks.

By combining long-term storage in phase-change memory (PCM) devices, near-linear update of conventional Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) capacitors and novel techniques for cancelling out device-to-device variability, we finessed these imperfections and achieved software-equivalent DNN accuracies on a variety of different networks. These experiments used a mixed hardware-software approach, combining software simulations of system elements that are easy to model accurately (such as CMOS devices) together with full hardware implementation of the PCM devices. It was essential to use real analog memory devices for every weight in our neural networks, because modeling approaches for such novel devices frequently fail to capture the full range of device-to-device variability they can exhibit.

Using this approach, we verified that full chips should indeed offer equivalent accuracy, and thus do the same job as a digital accelerator – but faster and at lower power. Given these encouraging results, we’ve already started exploring the design of prototype hardware accelerator chips, as part of an IBM Research Frontiers Institute project.

From these early design efforts we were able to provide, as part of our Nature paper, initial estimates for the potential of such NVM-based chips for training fully-connected layers, in terms of the computational energy efficiency (28,065 GOP/sec/W) and throughput-per-area (3.6 TOP/sec/mm2). These values exceed the specifications of today’s GPUs by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, fully-connected layers are a type of neural network layer for which actual GPU performance frequently falls well below the rated specifications.

The NVM-based approach can deliver software-equivalent training accuracies as well as orders of magnitude improvement in acceleration and energy efficiency despite the imperfections of existing analog memory devices. The next steps will be to demonstrate this same software equivalence on larger networks calling for large, fully-connected layers – such as the recurrently-connected Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks behind recent advances in machine translation, captioning and text analytics – and to design, implement and refine these analog techniques on prototype NVM-based hardware accelerators. New and better forms of analog memory, optimized for this application, could help further improve both areal density and energy efficiency.

Nature – Equivalent-accuracy accelerated neural-network training using analogue memory
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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