Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Deze afdeling is voor algemene topics die niet passen in wat reeds voorzien is. Ze moeten wel aansluiten bij ons thema.
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Ali Yas
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Ariel schreef:
za feb 13, 2021 5:20 pm
Geweldig dat we in Nederland zulke knappe koppen hebben. Ik voel me heel klein worden als ik dit soort artikelen over nieuwe ontwikkelingen lees. Ik ben al dankbaar dat ik de computer aan en uit kan zetten. :redface2:
We koesteren onze laptop en pc. Maar die verbleken in rekenkracht bij de quantumcomputers. Hoe staat het met de ontwikkeling ervan? ,,We zijn de komende tien jaar al bezig om ze niet al na één milliseconde te laten crashen’’
Er zijn nog geen praktische toepassingen dus, tenminste niet op dit moment. En ik vraag me ook serieus af of de wereld hierop zit te wachten.

We wachten wél op gesmoltenzoutreactors, maar daar is blijkbaar geen geld voor.

We zullen ons over tig jaar niet afvragen hoe we hebben kunnen leven zonder kwantumcomputers, want die komen er nooit op enige schaal, maar wel waarom we onze tijd niet hebben besteed aan de ontwikkeling van toekomstvaste, goedkope en schone energie.
Truth sounds like hate to those who hate truth.
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xplosive
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Ali Yas schreef:
za feb 13, 2021 6:26 pm
We zullen ons over tig jaar niet afvragen hoe we hebben kunnen leven zonder kwantumcomputers, want die komen er nooit op enige schaal, maar wel waarom we onze tijd niet hebben besteed aan de ontwikkeling van toekomstvaste, goedkope en schone energie.
Het zou natuurlijk kunnen dat betere computers bijdragen aan het vinden van vernieuwende en betere manieren voor het aanwenden van goedkope en schone energie. Als de sleutel inderdaad ligt bij betere computers dan zal dat over tig jaar niet onbesproken blijven dunkt me.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
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Ali Yas
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xplosive schreef:
zo feb 14, 2021 11:44 am
Het zou natuurlijk kunnen dat betere computers bijdragen aan het vinden van vernieuwende en betere manieren voor het aanwenden van goedkope en schone energie.
Op dit moment telt alleen politieke wil. Gesmoltenzoutreactors werden een halve eeuw geleden al gemaakt.
Truth sounds like hate to those who hate truth.
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Brian Wang | March 9, 2021

An AI optical circuit has been made with a neural density equal to 1/400 of human brain. The circuit is trained to process information through unpowered all-optical inference at the speed of light with a computational power more than ten orders of magnitude larger than electronic processors. In future, its neural density is expected to be 10 times that of human brain.

Machine learning is already used by millions every day to unlocking smartphones through facial recognition or passing through AI-enabled automated security checks at airports and train stations. Sensors collect optical information to feed it to a neural network in a computer. The new developments can make these sensors and AI microscopic.

Using a state-of-the-art laser 3D-nanoprinting technology, the researchers made optical perceptrons with a neuron density of over 500 million neurons per square centimeter. The nanoscale feature size of these smart optical elements pushes the upper limit for the computational power for the nanoprinted decryptors lies at 400 ExaFLOPS (10^18 FLOPS, floating operations per second). This is over 100,000 times more than integrated photonic hardware.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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By staff writer of The Science Monitor, 2021-03-17

Researchers at the University of Cambridge have identified a material that could help tackle speed and energy, the two biggest challenges for computers of the future.

Research in the field of light-based computing—using light instead of electricity for computation to go beyond the limits of today's computers—is moving fast, but barriers remain in developing optical switching, the process by which light would be easily turned 'on' and 'off', reflecting or transmitting light on-demand.

The study, published in Nature Communications, shows that a material known as Ta2NiSe5 could switch between a window and a mirror in a quadrillionth of a second when struck by a short laser pulse, paving the way for the development of ultra-fast switching in computers of the future.

The material looks like a chunk of pencil lead and acts an insulator at room temperature, which means that when infrared light strikes the material in this insulating state, it passes straight through like a window. However, when heated, the material becomes a metal which acts like a mirror and reflects light.

"We knew that Ta2NiSe5 could switch between a window and a mirror when it was heated up, but heating an object is a very slow process," said Dr. Akshay Rao, Harding University Lecturer at the Cavendish Laboratory, who led the research. "What our experiments have shown is that a short laser pulse can also trigger this 'flip' in only 10⁻¹⁵ seconds (femtoseconds). This is a million times faster than switches in our current computers."

The researchers were looking into the material's behavior to show the existence of a new phase of matter called an 'excitonic insulator', which has been experimentally challenging to find since it was first theorized in the 1960s.

"This excitonic insulating phase looks in many ways like a very normal insulator, but one way to distinguish between an unusual and ordinary insulator is to see exactly how long it takes for it to become a metal," said Rao. "For normal matter, going from an insulator to a metal is like melting an ice cube. The atoms themselves move positions and rearrange, making it a slow process. But in an excitonic insulator, this could happen very fast because the atoms themselves do not need to move to switch phases. If we could find a way to measure how fast this transition occurs, we could potentially unmask the excitonic insulator."

To do these experiments, the researchers used a sequence of very short laser pulses to first perturb the material and then measure how its reflection changed. At room temperature, they found that when Ta2NiSe5 was struck by a strong laser pulse, it exhibited signatures of the metallic state immediately, becoming a mirror on a timescale faster than they could resolve. This provided strong evidence for the excitonic insulating nature of Ta2NiSe5.

"Not only does this work remove the material's camouflage, opening up further studies into its unusual quantum mechanical behavior, it also highlights this material's unique capability of acting as an ultrafast switch," said first author Hope Bretscher, also from the Cavendish Laboratory. "In fact, for the optical switch to be effective, not only must it transition quickly from the insulating to the metallic phase, but the reverse process must also be fast."

"We found that Ta2NiSe5 returned to an insulating state rapidly, much faster than other candidate switch materials. This ability to go from mirror, to window, to mirror again, make it extremely enticing for computing applications."

"Science is a complicated and evolving process—and we think we've been able to take this discussion a step forward. Not only we can now better understand the properties of this material, but we also uncovered an interesting potential application for it," said co-author Professor Ajay Sood, from the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore.

"While practically producing quantum switches with Ta2NiSe5 may still be a long way off, having identified a new approach to the growing challenge of computer's speed and energy use is an exciting development," said Rao.

*Hope M. Bretscher et al, Ultrafast melting and recovery of collective order in the excitonic insulator Ta2NiSe5, Nature Communications (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21929-3
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity famously dictates that no known object can travel faster than the speed of light in vacuum, which is 299,792 km/s. This speed limit makes it unlikely that humans will ever be able to send spacecraft to explore beyond our local area of the Milky Way.

However, new research by Erik Lentz at the University of Göttingen suggests a way beyond this limit. The catch is that his scheme requires vast amounts of energy and it may not be able to propel a spacecraft.

Lentz proposes that conventional energy sources could be capable of arranging the structure of spacetime in the form of a soliton – a robust singular wave. This soliton would act like a 'warp bubble', contracting space in front of it and expanding space behind. Unlike objects within spacetime, spacetime itself can bend, expand or warp at any speed. Therefore, a spacecraft contained in a hyper-fast bubble could arrive at its destination faster than light would in normal space without breaking any physical laws, even Einstein's cosmic speed limit.

Negative energy
The idea of creating warp bubbles is not new, it was first proposed in 1994 by the Mexican physicist Miguel Alcubierre who dubbed them "warp drives" in homage to the sci-fi series Star Trek. However, until Lentz's research it was thought that the only way to produce a warp drive was by generating vast amounts of negative energy – perhaps by using some sort of undiscovered exotic matter or by the manipulation of dark energy. To get around this problem, Lentz constructed an unexplored geometric structure of spacetime to derive a new family of solutions to Einstein's general relativity equations called positive-energy solitons.

Though Lentz's solitons appear to conform to Einstein's general theory of relativity and remove the need to create negative energy, space agencies will not be building warp drives any time soon, if ever. Part of the reason is that Lentz's positive-energy warp drive requires a huge amount of energy. A 100 m radius spacecraft would require the energy equivalent to "hundreds of times of the mass of the planet Jupiter," according to Lentz. He adds that to be practical, this requirement would have to be reduced by about 30 orders of magnitude to be on par with the output of a modern nuclear fission reactor. Lentz is currently exploring existing energy-saving schemes to see if the energy required can be reduced to a practical level.

Any warp drive would also need to overcome several other serious issues. Alcubierre, who regards Lentz's work as a "significant development", cites the "horizon problem" as one of the most pernicious: "A warp bubble travelling faster than light cannot be created from inside the bubble, as the leading edge of the bubble would be beyond the reach of a spaceship sitting at its centre," he explains. "The problem is that you need energy to deform space all the way to the very edge of the bubble, and the ship simply can't put it there."

Spacecraft doubts
Lentz describes his calculations in Classical and Quantum Gravity, where other recent research on the topic is outlined in an accepted manuscript from Advanced Propulsion Laboratory researchers Alexey Bobrick and Gianni Martire. The duo describes a general model for a warp drive incorporating all existing positive-energy and negative-energy warp drive schemes, except Lentz's which they say "likely forms a new class of warp drive spacetimes".

However, they argue that a Lentz-type warp drive is like any other type of warp drive in the sense that, at its core, it is a shell of regular material and therefore subject to Einstein's cosmic speed limit, concluding that "there is no known way of accelerating a warp drive beyond the speed of light".

Though he recognizes these huge hurdles to building a warp drive, Lentz feels they are not insurmountable. "This work has moved the problem of faster-than-light travel one step away from theoretical research in fundamental physics and closer to engineering," he says.

After addressing energy requirements, Lentz plans to "devise a means of creating and accelerating (and dissipating and decelerating) the positive-energy solitons from their constituent matter sources," then confirm the existence of small and slow solitons in a laboratory, and finally address the horizon problem. "This will be important to passing the speed of light with a fully autonomous soliton," he says.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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April 1, 2021, International Finance Business Desk

Japan has been at the forefront of robotics technology and has amazed the world with its robotics innovation for many years. Seven out of the 10 world's leading industrial robotics companies are housed in Japan. Furthermore, it has the highest density of robot workers in the world. The market for service robotics is thriving, including the field of senior care. The country is the powerhouse of technologies such as machine vision, machine learning and artificial intelligence. These technologies are vital for the development of effective robotic hardware. The country's industrial robot makers have produced more than 50 percent of robots supplied in 2017, which is 39 percent more than the year earlier.

There is no doubt that Japan is the sphere head in the field of industrial robotics as it is the number one exporter for robots in terms of shipments and number of operating units. The country also remains the testing ground for new applications of robotics. Companies such as Kawasaki, FANUC, OTC Daihen, Epson, Denso, and Mitsubishi are driving the development of industrial robotics in the country. Furthermore, Japan is one of the world's leading hub for startup and the tech ecosystem. Thus investments have been flowing into the country seamlessly.

While looking at the statistics, Japan has been ahead of other economies in robot shipment. The country has shipped robots worth ¥3.4 billion in 2012, covering 50 percent of the global market share. Furthermore, about 300,000 robots were operating in the country, covering 23 percent of the global market share. Today, Japan is successful in the robotics segment because of its highly competitive research, development and applied technologies. Robotics development has the potential to transform Japan's society by storm.

Japan is buoyant in Robotics
Japan has focused on the development of robotics since the 1970s. Earlier, industrial robotics were used across segments such as electronics and automobile. However, the usage of industrial robotics became pivotal in other industries to reduce the physical burden of human beings. Japan has been the world leader in robotics and the major intention is the role of robots in everyday life in the country. They are an integral part of many Japanese households. Robots assure a safer working environment while improving the productivity and quality of the products and services.

While speaking to International Finance, Ken Matsui, chief executive officer at Mira Robotics said, "Japan has established world-class manufacturing technologies in home appliances, automobiles, and semiconductors, and specialised production machines such as machine tools have been computerised into industrial robots. Industrial robots have become widespread and have contributed greatly to alleviating the labour shortage and improving the efficiency of production in Japan's rapidly growing economy since the 1980s."

The scenario outside Japan and various robotics investments
The demand for robotics in places such as China, the USA and Europe has been thriving because of the establishment of public and private sector robotics projects. While the Internet of Things (IoT) has played a major role in shaping up the robotics' base in Europe and the USA. The global demand for robotics surged over the years and is still robust. The installed robotics units are projected to grow annually by over 15 percent between 2018 and 2020. The data are produced by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) in its report known as World Robotics 2017.

China is betting on industrial robotics to boost quality and productivity because of high labour cost and intense global competition with its counterparts. The country has become the top nation globally to acquire industrial robots. After Japan, South Korea is the next robotics hotbed since it had the world's highest robot density since 2010. The country's density is greater than the global average with 631 robots per 10,000 human workers. The country will be filled with over eight million people aged above 65 years. Therefore, robots are viewed as a catalyst to assist elders. The concept has received a positive response from the government including funding from companies such as Hyundai Heavy Industries, SK Telecom, and RoboStar.

Ken Matsui said, "Japan is entering a new phase in its super-aging demographic structure, ahead of the rest of the world, where the total population is decreasing, the number of elderly people is increasing, and the number of workers is decreasing. The world population is increasing, but as medical care develops and living standards rise, sooner or later all countries will eventually have a population structure similar to that of Japan. At that time, I believe the need for automation, efficiency, remoteness, and digitalization of city infrastructure services will become even stronger. I believe that service robots, which were born out of social issues in Japan, can contribute as exemplary solutions to similar issues that are expected to arise in countries around the world."

The ubiquity of Japan's robots
Japan's tech companies, research institutions and other entities partner and work together to deploy the country's cutting-edge robotics in a wide range of sectors. The county's robots also have the capability to be used in space exploration. The Japanese government spurred the development and application of disaster-response robots after the earthquake and tsunami in 2011. The department of precision engineering at the University of Tokyo School of Engineering are working on robots that can be operated in inclement weather and extreme environments. The sole purpose of the development is to train the robots to go into adverse environments which are difficult for humans to enter, capture images and collect information.

Medical robotics is another vital segment. The Japanese government is betting on the development and dissemination of medical equipment that utilizes robotics technology. The robots will cut the burden of both medical professionals and patients alike, for example, surgery assistant robots. While the department of mechanical engineering at the Tokyo school of engineering is testing robots for medicine and industrial processing. The team is currently conducting research and development on robot-assisted surgery.

These Japanese companies are leading from the frontline with innovations
A Tokyo-based firm called Connected Robotics has developed automated food robots. The first robot OctoChef makes a famous Japanese cuisine known as takoyaki, while the second robot Reita serves ice-cream. The firm has secured a $7.8 million Series A funding in 2019. It is expected to fulfil the firm's ambitions towards the launch of products such as an automated dishwasher robot and an automated breakfast-cooking robot.

The world's first robot capable of tidying up a room was launched by Preferred Networks. The startup is valued at $2 billion and is also the highest valued startup in Japan. The firm's newer robotic endeavours are powered by ML and AI. The house cleaning robot has the capability to clean rooms with commands and instructions and can recognise 300 household items through machine vision. The robot intelligently selects and put away belongings.

SoftBank's subsidiary SoftBank Robotics operates an independent startup that is famous for creating an emotion-reading robot, Pepper. The company has partnered with HSBC to rollout service robots for the bank's branches across the US. There is another firm known as Ascent Robotics, which specialises in Ai -based software for robotics and self-driving vehicles. The firm's research unit has developed ML algorithms and advanced neural models to equip intelligent vehicles. Furthermore, the firm has raised funds worth $16 million in 2018. It has also partnered with companies in the automotive segment to develop the technology.

PARO Therapeutic is a firm that has launched a medical robot specifically designed to stimulate patients suffering from ailments such as dementia, Alzheimer's, and other cognitive disorders. The robot responds to the owner's voice and interactions. Data has revealed that this type of robots are effective towards both loneliness and dementia therapy. According to Citi, Japan's Fanuc and Europe's ABB control nearly three-quarters of China's industrial robot market.

Mira Robotics is considered one of the best robot makers in Japan. The company's ugo robot is a top-notch product. Ugo, which is developed to cater to the country's shrinking workforce, is equipped with a pair of height-adjustable industrial arms mounted on wheels. The $1,000 robot can be used to safeguard office buildings, carry out inspections and clean toilets and other areas inside an office. Ugo is capable of eliminating viruses on elevator buttons and door handles through ultraviolet light. Apart from that, it can record the temperature of the premises. It will be interesting to see how the robot is effectively utilised.

Mr Ken Matsui said, "The robot we are developing Ugo is not an industrial robot that works in a factory, but a service robot that works in a familiar living environment. Japan is said to be the first country in the world to face a super-aging society, and it is estimated that the working population in Japan will decrease by more than 14 million in the next 20 years. The city's living infrastructure services include facilities, transportation period, communication, logistics, retail, medical care, security, cleaning, inspection, guidance, education, etc. There is a serious shortage of essential workers who support these services. Ugo is currently being developed as a building maintenance service robot, and is working to transform service tasks such as security, cleaning, and inspection into sustainable living infrastructures that can be shared between people and robots."

How Japan weathered the Covid-19 pandemic with robots?
Japan has deployed sterilising robots for disinfecting airplanes and hospitals, while delivery robots have carried out contactless deliveries seamlessly and avatar robots are standing in for university students at graduation. The sterilising robots use ultraviolet light.

Ory Laboratories, Tokyo-based robotics has launched a desktop communications robot called OriHime Biz. The robot is used by children with physical impairments to virtually attend classes. Furthermore, a teacher suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have used the robot to attend his student's graduation ceremony. The company has also developed avatar robots for people working home during the lockdown due to the pandemic. However, the robots can also be utilized by people suffering from chronic health conditions.

Government investments for robotics development
The Chinese government invested $577 million in manufacturing intelligent robots in 2019. According to IFR Data, in 2018, the robotic density in China's manufacturing segment recorded 140 units per 10,000 workers. In 2020, the government floated new developments for the robotics segment. The government unveiled plans to establish a handful of global robot manufacturers, followed by the establishment of new industrial clusters, boost China's robot density and secure 45 percent of the domestic market share for the country's high-end robots.

The Japanese government has ramped up its robot-related budget for 2019 to $351 million, with a mission to make the country the number one robotic innovation hub. The county delivered 52 percent of the global robot supply in 2018 and is the world´s number one industrial robot maker. The reports are produced by IFR.

In South Korea, the government is seeking to enhance the robotic segment through the Intelligent Robot Development and Supply Promotion Act of Korea. Furthermore, the government invested funds worth ₩151 billion in 2020 for robotics development. The government's 2019 basic plan for intelligent robotics encourages systematic selection and concentration of promising public and private sectors. The focus area includes key robot software, manufacturing businesses, next-gen key components and segments such as logistics and healthcare where robotics are vital for operations. According to IFR, South Korea has doubled its number of industrial robots in operation and has ranked third behind Joan and China in 2018.

Europe's largest-ever funding programme for research and innovation Horizon 2020 has funded robotics projects. Horizon 2020 covers various segments ranging from agri-food, manufacturing, commercial, transportation and healthcare use to consumer robotics. The European Commission provides a fund worth $780 million through the programme for robotics research and innovation for a period of seven years. The work programme 2018-2020 covers topics such as industry digitalisation through robotics, robotics applications in key areas, including artificial intelligence and cognition and many others with a budget of $173 million.

Germany is backing the usage of new cutting-edge technologies within administration and industry as part of its high-tech plan. The country is the fifth largest robot market in the world and number one in Europe is looking to boost robotics development through the PAiCE programme with a funding budget of $55 million. The robotics-oriented projects are seeking to develop platforms for service robotics solutions across relevant application segments including the manufacturing field, logistics and service. Germany sold almost 27,000 units of robots in 2018, creating a new record.

The US government floated the National Robotics Initiative (NRI) for fundamental robotics research and development. The budget for NRI in 2019 was $35 million. The department of defence and the Mars exploration programme provides funding for additional robotics application in the field of defence and space. The county ranks third in terms of robotics installation annually.

What does the future hold?
Japan's robotics segment has a bright future as the Japanese government and businesses are betting on automation to assist the economy, contributing to a national enthusiasm for robots. Furthermore, Japan is a great example to many economies in terms of the successful implementation of technology. The Japanese robotic segment is poised to remain the best in the world in terms of innovation and sustainability. The majority of the Japanese population have ample knowledge about robotics and therefore there should not be a problem for the future generation to adapt to the robotic environment.

Japan's aging population is a major concern for the government. More than a quarter of the population are 65 years or older, and the number is expected to surge by 40 percent in 2050. Therefore, robots are expected to play a pivotal role in assisting the workforce. The government is experimenting with robots in the eldercare segment for both patients and workers. The robotic can be found in the country like hotels and cafes; which is an inspiration to the rest of the world. Global economies, other than Japan must embrace robotics. However, it depends upon the approach of individual nations towards robotics. There pros and cons to robots. However, the effective deployment of robots will assist human beings and make life easier.

Ken Matsui said that "With Covid-19, the introduction of robots in Japan has become even more aggressive, and I feel that we are several years ahead of schedule. I believe that in the next three years, various service robots will spread throughout the city, and in five years, they will become the core technology that will make smart cities a reality in cities all over Japan."
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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By Insaf Ali, March 24, 2021

A sudden and unexpected intelligence explosion might take an unprepared human race by surprise. Existential risk from advanced AI is the hypothesis that substantial progress in Artificial General Intelligence could someday result in human extinction or some other unrecoverable global catastrophe.

The likelihood of this type of scenario is widely debated and hinges in part on different scenarios for future progress in computer science. One of many concerns in regard to AI is that controlling a Super Intelligent Machine or instilling it with human-compatible values may prove to be a much harder problem than previously thought.

Many researchers believe that superintelligence would naturally resist attempts to shut it off or change its goals, a principle called Instrumental Convergence. It's fascinating to think that one of the earliest authors to express serious concern about the possibility that a highly advanced machine might pose an existential risk to humanity was the novelist Samuel Butler in the year 1863.

When he published his essay "Darwin Among the Machines", which, he wrote day by day however the machines are gaining ground upon us. Day by day, we are becoming more subservient to them. More men are daily bound down as slaves to tend them. More men are daily devoting the energies of their whole lives to the development of mechanical life.

The upshot is simply a question of time, but at the time will come when the machines will hold the real supremacy over the world and its inhabitants are what no person of a truly philosophic mind can for a moment question.

But concerns about the advent of digital super intelligence started to become mainstream only in the 2010s. When they were popularized by public figures like the late Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates, and Elon Musk.

So what is exactly an existential risk and how is it related to advanced AI?

An existential risk is any risk that has the potential to eliminate all of humanity or at the very least endanger or even destroy modern civilization. Such risks come in form of natural disasters like super volcanoes or asteroid impacts. But an existential risk can also be self-induced or man-made like weapons of mass destruction which most experts agree are by far the most dangerous threat to humanity.

But Elon Musk thinks otherwise he thinks digital superintelligence is a far greater threat to humanity than nuclear weapons.

It would take an unquantifiable amount of time and effort to safely develop artificial general intelligence and even if humans managed to somehow crack the AGI problem.

A superintelligent AI will still likely pose an existential threat to humanity because a true artificial general intelligence will be much better at solving problems than humans are.

So the risk is that superintelligent AI won't aim to serve humanity or be under the control of humans it would most likely resist or rebel against human control.

Researchers have argued that advanced AI will be very difficult to control and its first goal wouldn't be to make the world a better place. But rather to make itself better to outlive its own creators and to fulfill its own engineered goals.

Since the timeline before the emergence of digital super intelligence is probably relatively short we shouldn't wait around and hope for a beneficial AI to bring humans gladly into a post-scarcity techno-utopian future.

But prepare accordingly for the worst because we do not know what our future holds.

Humanity has no previous experience with any form of advanced artificial intelligence but despite what movies, sci-fi books, and video games have taught us.

Artificially intelligent machines are most likely going to behave more like ruthless business corporations rather than like Malevolent killer machines.

According to Nick Bostrom, existential risk is one where an adverse outcome would either annihilate earth-originating intelligent life or permanently and drastically curtail its potential, and unless we managed to get our act together quickly and decisively humans are most likely going to destroy themselves before we even face the ai risk scenario.

Nick Bostrom thinks that existential risk is one where the end of humanity is not just possible but likely he considers the risk of nuclear war to be a comparatively mild existential risk.

In order for humans to remain able to engage in some form of meaningful communication with AI in the years ahead. We need to be sure to develop AI's that value and care for the well-being of humanity because without an ethical framework advanced AI's will only seek to fulfill their own ambitions of self-preservation and forget to be kind.

The thesis that AI can pose existential risk also has many strong detractors skeptics. Sometimes charge that the thesis is crypto-religious with an irrational belief in the possibility of superintelligence replacing an irrational belief in an omitting God.

Current skeptics argue that AGI is unlikely in the short term. Computer scientist Gordon Bell argues that the human race will already destroy itself before it reaches the technological singularity.

Some AI and AGI researchers may be reluctant to discuss risks worrying that policymakers do not have sophisticated knowledge in the field and are prone to be convinced by alarmist messages or worrying that such messages will lead to cuts in AI funding.

One can't help themselves but wonder if funding AI research is truly more important than the possibility of strong AI wiping out humanity.

Hopefully, we will have the choice to collectively decide what's our best move and not leave the matter in the hands of a small group of people to unilaterally make that decision for us.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
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Worden vrouwen straks overbodig voor het op de wereld zetten van kinderen?
 
 
Artificial placentas for human babies coming within five years, scientist says
 
By Dan Robitzski, March 31, 2021

A new "artificial placenta" that's currently under development may be able to support babies who are born too early, helping them finish developing and growing while staving off serious medical complications.

Babies born prematurely face a higher risk of lifelong health problems or developmental disorders, since their bodies might not yet be prepared to breathe for themselves. Getting cut off from the oxygen supply provided to fetuses by the placenta too soon is dangerous and often deadly, IEEE Spectrum reports, and the emergency medical interventions out there today can cause extra harm to the lungs.

University of Michigan fetal and pediatric surgeon George Mychaliska has spent over a decade working on an artificial placenta that could help, IEEE Spectrum reports, and he says it could be ready for human experimentation in as soon as five years.

Think of it kind of like a ventilator for newborns. The device, which has been shown to sustain premature lambs for weeks at a time, fills the newborn's lungs with fluid just like they would have been inside the womb, according to IEEE Spectrum. It then clamps their endotracheal tube to keep them from trying to breathe — and damaging their lungs — before they're ready, while pumping oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of their system.

"It holds out a lot of hope for babies that are going to be born preterm," David Weinberg told IEEE Spectrum.

Weinberg is in charge of the Human Placenta Project at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. He noted that any artificial placenta would need to go through much more robust testing before it should be allowed anywhere near a human child, but he's encouraged by recent progress in the field.

"It's incredible," he added.
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Daaruit :
 
By John Koetsier, April 6 2021

Beating Moore's Law: This photonic computer is 10X faster than NVIDIA GPUs using 90% less energy
 
 
The Lightmatter photonic computer is 10 times faster than the fastest NVIDIA artificial intelligence GPU while using far less energy. And it has a runway for boosting that massive advantage by a factor of 100, according to CEO Nicholas Harris.

In the process, it may just restart a moribund Moore's Law.

Or completely blow it up.
"Envise is really the first photonic computer, period, that you can buy, and it addresses any kind of neural net," says Harris. "So if you want to run algorithms behind Alexa or Siri or any of the voice assistants, Envise can run those. If you want to do translation, Envise can run that. If you want to identify things in images for your self-driving car, Envise can do that too."
Perhaps the most exciting part of photonic computing, however, is a quality of photons that is totally impossible for electrons to duplicate: color.

Because light has different colors which occupy different places on the electromagnetic spectrum, you can run photonic computers on different colors. Simultaneously. Using the same same hardware.

And that's where Lightmatters' photonic computers get scary fast.

"For every color we add, we increase the throughput by that number," Harris says. "So two colors is twice as fast. Three colors is three times as fast, and the efficiency scales about the same way. So we think you can probably do 64 colors in the future. We’re not there yet, but we think that's possible. Imagine having 64 virtual processors on a chip, and it's just the area of one."

Now you’re getting scary fast.

"I think that we have a roadmap that extends beyond 100X the current speed of accelerators," Harris told me.

That essentially means you'd have the power of a room-sized supercomputer in a package you can carry in a larger-sized piece of carry-on luggage, running at up 20 GHz or more.

Eventually, you might get small photonic systems on a laptop or even a smartphone. Much quicker, they're going to turn up in cloud-based systems.

"It'd be a dream of mine to eventually power a Google search," says Harris. "A lot of that is run on neural networks."

Lightmatter is pretty confident about shipping the product in 2021. That said, everything is experimental until it's not, and there's likely some manufacturing and scaling challenges in the company's way.

Assuming it all works out, however, we need photonic computers sooner rather than later. Already, data centers consume significant portions of the world's total electricity supply: easily 1% but perhaps as much as 5% of all the electricity we generate. By 2025, some estimates say global computing could suck as much as 20% of all the world's power ... with all the environmental damage that entails.

Photonic computer is low-power, and doesn't need cooling like existing CPUs and GPUs. And, at far greater throughput for exactly the kinds of computing that are growing fast, it could just be the technology that reverses that power trend.

And, of course, enables continued growth in our use of AI and machine learning.
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Pentagon scientists working in a secret unit set up at the height of the Cold War have created a microchip inserted under the skin that detects COVID-19 infection, and a revolutionary filter that removes the virus from the blood. can be removed when attached to a dialysis machine.

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) team has been working to prevent and end pandemics for years.

They assess the problems and come up with ingenious solutions that sometimes look more like a science fiction novel than a working laboratory.

One of their recent inventions, they said in 60 minutes Sunday night was a microchip that detects COVID infection in an individual before it can become an outbreak.

The microchip will no doubt cause some concern for some government agency implanting a microchip into a citizen.

Officials speaking with the 60 Minutes team said the Pentagon does not want to track every movement.

A more detailed explanation was not given.

Retired Colonel Matt Hepburn, an Army physician in infectious diseases who led DARPA's response to the pandemic, showed the 60 Minutes team a tissue-like gel designed to continuously test your blood.

The idea of ​​a microchip came after the USS Theodore Roosevelt saw 1,271 infections

"You put it under your skin and what that tells you is that there are chemical reactions taking place in the body, and that signal means that you will have symptoms tomorrow," he explained.

He said they were inspired by the fight to stop the virus from spreading aboard the USS Theodore Roosevelt, where 1,271 crew members tested positive for the coronavirus.

"It's like a check engine light," Hepburn said.

Sailors would get the signal, then draw blood themselves and test themselves on the spot.

"We'll have that information in three to five minutes.

'As you cut that time, while you diagnose and treat, you stop the infection in its tracks.'

Troops are likely to be very skeptical of the new invention.

In February, The New York Times reported that a third of the troops refused to take the vaccine, over concerns that the vaccine contains a microchip designed to control recipients, that it will permanently disable the body's immune system, or that it is some form of government control .

Another invention from Hepburn's team is a filter that is placed on a dialysis machine and removes the virus from the blood.

The experimental four-day treatment was given to "Patient 16", a military spouse, who was in the ICU with organ failure and septic shock.

"If you let it through, the virus is taken out and the blood is put back in," Hepburn said.

Within a few days, patient 16 made a full recovery.

The filter has been approved by the FDA for emergency use, and it has been used to treat nearly 300 critically ill patients.

Another Pentagon agency, the Joint Pathology Institute, is studying tissue samples from soldiers and sailors infected with pathogens around the world.

They have tissue in their labs from patients infected with the Spanish flu 100 years ago, and in 2005 a team from Mount Sinai Hospital and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) managed to recreate the virus.

They also found survivors and made antibodies to the deadly virus.

A member of the team, Dr. James Crowe, has found a way to find antibodies in a vial of blood in record time – reducing the time frame from the usual six to 24 months to 78 days.

The technology he developed was used to make antibodies against COVID-19.

They are currently working on ways to speed up the actual growth of antibodies – a process that currently takes three weeks for 7,500 doses.

"We would start from a blood sample from a survivor and be done with all this and give you an injection of the cure in 60 days," he said.

Another scientist, Dr. Kayvon Modjarrad, is currently trying to develop a vaccine against all coronaviruses.

"This is not science fiction, this is scientific fact," he told the show.

"We have the tools, we have the technology to do all of this now."

He said the goal was to be able to vaccinate people against deadly viruses that have not even been identified.

"We will be protected from killer viruses that we have not seen or even thought of," he said.
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Business Wire, April 13, 2021 07:57 PM Eastern Daylight Time

BrainChip Holdings Ltd. (ASX: BRN), a leading provider of ultra-low power, high-performance AI technology, announced today that it has begun volume manufacturing of its Akida™ AKD1000 neuromorphic processor chip for edge AI devices.

The engineering layout for BrainChip’s high-performance, ultra-low power chip was designed in partnership with Socionext, a global developer of advanced SoC solutions. Socionext has released the engineering layout of the production version of the AKD1000 chip to TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company; TWSE: 2330, NYSE: TSM), which has begun preparing to manufacture at volume.

BrainChip Early Access Program (EAP) customers in strategic end markets purchased Akida evaluation systems for a range of edge applications. Following testing of the AKD1000 engineering samples, BrainChip improved the design in performance, efficiency, and scalability, adding additional operating modes for even lower power consumption than its original design.

"I am grateful to our engineering team, who worked hard over the past eight months to release the Akida technology for volume production, and to our EAP customers that have helped lead us to market readiness," said Peter van der Made, BrainChip CEO. "This move to manufacturing is a major milestone for BrainChip and for the industry at large as the first realistic opportunity to bring AI processing capability to edge devices for learning, enabling personalization of products without the need for retraining."

Production units are expected to be available around August 2021.

Akida neuromorphic processors are revolutionary advanced neural networking processors that bring artificial intelligence to the edge in a way that existing technologies are not capable. The solution is high-performance, small, ultra-low power and enables a wide array of edge capabilities. The Akida (NSoC) and intellectual property can be used in applications including Smart Home, Smart Health, Smart City and Smart Transportation. These applications include but are not limited to home automation and remote controls, industrial IoT, robotics, security cameras, sensors, unmanned aircraft, autonomous vehicles, medical instruments, object detection, sound detection, odor and taste detection, gesture control and cybersecurity. The Akida NSoC is designed for use as a stand-alone embedded accelerator or as a co-processor, and includes interfaces for ADAS sensors, audio sensors, and other IoT sensors.

About BrainChip Holdings Ltd. (ASX: BRN)
BrainChip is a global technology company that is producing a groundbreaking neuromorphic processor that brings artificial intelligence to the edge in a way that is beyond the capabilities of other products. The chip is high performance, small, ultra-low power and enables a wide array of edge capabilities that include on-chip training, learning and inference. The event-based neural network processor is inspired by the spiking nature of the human brain and is implemented in an industry standard digital process. By mimicking brain processing, BrainChip has pioneered a processing architecture, called Akida™, which is both scalable and flexible to address the requirements in edge devices. At the edge, sensor inputs are analyzed at the point of acquisition rather than through transmission via the cloud to a data center. Akida is designed to provide a complete ultra-low power and fast AI Edge Network for vision, audio, olfactory and smart transducer applications. The reduction in system latency provides faster response and a more power efficient system that can reduce the large carbon footprint of data centers.

Additional information is available at https://www.brainchipinc.com
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By Global Times, Published: Apr 21, 2021 11:34 PM

A Chinese research team has made an important breakthrough on the application of brain computer interface (BCI) after the country's first closed-loop neurostimulator has proved effective for epilepsy control in clinical applications.

The first epileptic patient who received an implant of China's first locally produced BCI closed-loop responsive stimulator was discharged on Wednesday from the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), which marks an important breakthrough in BCI clinical research for the diagnosis and treatment of intractable epilepsy, Zhang Jianmin, Director and Professor at the Department of Neurosurgery at SAHZU and one of the leaders of the BCI clinical research team of Zhejiang University, told the Global Times on Thursday.

The closed-loop neurostimulator worked well on the patient after the procedure. The implant effectively detected several epilepsy seizure onset signals and delivered timely and accurate stimulus to suppress the seizures, Zhu Junming, Deputy Director of the Department of Neurosurgery at SAHZU said.

The closed-loop neurostimulator is an advanced technology based in the BCI technique to identify seizure events in the early stages and is able to deliver a therapeutic electrical stimulus in response to seizure onsets, according to the research team.

The BCI clinical research team led by Zhang and Zhu has been working hard to develop the country's locally produced closed-loop neurostimulators since 2010. It took the research team more than ten years to finally achieve a breakthrough, from technology to clinical application.

The closed-loop neurostimulator developed by the Zhejiang University research team has greatly improved the service life of the product through the use of wireless rechargeable technology and is smaller in volume and lighter in weight compared with similar foreign models.

Zhang said that the discharge of the first patient is a good start for the future clinical application of this technology. Clinical trials with larger samples will be carried out to promote the early application of new technologies to bring safe and effective new therapies to the majority of patients with intractable epilepsy in China.
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Door Felien van Kooij, 20 april om 12:20 uur, laatst gewijzigd op 21 april 2021 om 9:37 uur.

Een honingbij kan zonder problemen door een veld met bloemen vliegen zonder ergens tegenaan te botsen. Hij is snel genoeg om een hand te ontwijken die hem wil slaan, terwijl hij ondertussen koers zet richting zijn bijenkorf. 'Het is indrukwekkend dat de hersenen van een honingbij dit allemaal tegelijk kunnen', zegt Elisabetta Chicca, de nieuwe hoogleraar bio-inspired circuits and systems. 'Daar zijn hele ingewikkelde berekeningen voor nodig die supersnel uitgevoerd moeten worden.'

Veel neurowetenschappers bestuderen echte hersenen om uit te vogelen hoe ze werken, terwijl anderen liever met computersimulaties werken. Maar Chicca heeft wat anders bedacht: ze wil zelf een brein creëren op een siliciumchip.

Een brein bestaat uit een ingewikkeld netwerk van neuronen en synapsen. De neuronen kunnen met elkaar communiceren omdat de synapsen ze met elkaar verbinden. De processen waarbij miljoenen neuronen informatie doorgeven zijn ongelooflijk ingewikkeld en dus denkt Chicca dat een simulatie haar niet echt zal helpen bij het doorgronden ervan. 'De beroemde natuurkundige en Nobelprijswinnaar Richard Feynman zei ooit: "Dat wat ik niet kan maken, begrijp ik niet." Mijn onderzoek is gestoeld op dat principe.'

Een stukje van de hersenen
Ze pakt een oude printplaat ter grootte van een iPhone op uit de wirwar van hardware in haar kantoor. 'We gebruiken een modernere versie van deze elektrische circuits om de werking van de neuronen en synapsen in het brein na te bootsen', legt ze uit.

Chicca probeert nu nog niet om een volledig brein na te bouwen. In plaats daarvan heeft ze ingewikkelde neurale netwerken gebouwd die een stukje van de hersenen imiteren. Om precies te zijn de hersenen van een honingbij, omdat daar al zoveel over bekend is.

Ze concentreert zich momenteel op het systeem dat ervoor zorgt dat de bij nergens tegenaan botst tijdens het vliegen. 'Een bij moet razendsnel besluiten waar hij heen vliegt', zegt ze. 'Anders heeft hij een groot probleem.'

Haar PhD-student Thorben Schoepe borduurt voort op eerder onderzoek door dat proces na te bootsen met een neuromorfische processor. Dit apparaatje lijkt op het neurale netwerk en moet de berekeningen zo snel mogelijk uitvoeren terwijl het zo min mogelijk energie verbruikt. Maar dat is makkelijker gezegd dan gedaan.

Tijdrovend
De hersenen kunnen ontzettend snel rekenen omdat neuronen en synapsen zo complex zijn. Maar dat is direct ook het probleem: computers kunnen maar één berekening per lus maken, waardoor het gedrag van een bij nabootsen heel veel tijd zou kosten. 'Maar het model dat wij maken heeft meerdere apparaten, die de berekeningen tegelijkertijd maken', legt Chicca uit. De apparaatjes zijn met elkaar verbonden, waardoor ze lijken op het neurale netwerk in echte hersenen.

Met een hele snelle computer zou je natuurlijk hetzelfde effect bereiken, maar het formaat daarvan en de hoeveelheid die zo'n ding slurpt komen niet eens in de buurt van het brein van een honingbij. En dan hadden ze geen mini-robot kunnen bouwen.

De bij-bot die ze hebben ontworpen kan door allerlei omgevingen rijden terwijl hij opmerkt waar obstakels staan en daar vervolgens omheen beweegt. 'We hadden er wel een idee van hoe die berekeningen werken in het insectenbrein', zegt Chicca. 'Maar het is heel opwindend dat we dit in een fysiek model hebben kunnen inbouwen en dat we het nu in het echt kunnen testen.'

Fysieke beperkingen
Maar waarom is het noodzakelijk om zo'n kunstmatig brein op een chip te bouwen?

Een echt model van een neuraal netwerk heeft zo z'n voordelen, legt Chicca uit. Je hebt dan namelijk fysieke beperkingen, net zoals het brein die heeft. 'Onze hersenen moeten bijvoorbeeld ook blijven functioneren als onze lichaamstemperatuur stijgt. Ze houden niet opeens op met werken als ze het warm krijgen.'

Een van de uitdagingen waar ze mee te maken heeft is dat de printplaatjes tegen 'ruis' moeten kunnen, zoals veranderende temperaturen, en dat ze met fysieke beperkingen kunnen werken. Een simulatie hoeft geen rekening te houden met zulke variabele parameters. 'Ik wil niet beweren dat de omgeving van de printplaten die we gebruiken precies hetzelfde is als die in de hersenen, maar de uitgangspunten blijven bewaard.'

Het onderzoekscentrum CogniGron past goed bij haar, vertelt ze. Dat heeft als doel om 'slimme' materialen te ontwikkelen die gebruikt kunnen worden in computersystemen die op ons brein geïnspireerd zijn. Aan mijn vorige universiteit in Bielefeld had ik niet de mogelijkheid om samen te werken met materiaalwetenschappers die zich vooral bezighouden met de ontwikkeling van cognitieve systemen.'

Praktische toepassingen
Chicca wil vooral graag samen met neurowetenschappers uitzoeken hoe hersenen werken. Maar als ze iets nieuw ontdekt en daar een interessante toepassing voor ziet, zal ze die mogelijkheid niet laten liggen. 'Omdat we alleen naar heel specifieke delen van het brein kijken, zullen onze apparaatjes ook heel specifieke problemen kunnen oplossen', zegt ze. Een apparaat dat net als een bij een obstakel kan vermijden is op zichzelf niet zo nuttig. 'Daarom moet wat wij maken in complexere systemen worden ingebouwd. Het voordeel daarvan is dat die systemen dan zelfstandig kunnen handelen'

Een kleine robot die autonoom obstructies kan vermijden is bijvoorbeeld heel nuttig bij reddingsoperaties, als hij na een aardbeving zoekt naar overlevenden onder het puin. Dat de robot om obstakels heen kan bewegen is 'slechts één eigenschap van het apparaat, maar wel een cruciale', zegt Chicca.

Dus wanneer is ze klaar? Wanneer heeft ze dat 'echte' kunstmatige brein gebouwd? Ze lacht. 'Waarschijnlijk niet op korte termijn. Zeker niet voor ik met pensioen ga.' Maar dat weerhoudt haar er niet van om door te zetten. 'Ik heb nooit het idee gehad dat ik een reden nodig had om door te gaan, omdat ik houd van wat ik doe. Ik kan me niet voorstellen dat ik iets anders zou doen.'
 
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Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Uit het enige land ter wereld dat de islamisering succesvol bevecht :
 
 
Xi Jinping's space dream
 
 
 

 
 
 
De chinezen hebben laten zien
dat de steeds verder oprukkende chinese technologie ernst is en géén grap!

 
 
In de Verenigde Staten daarentegen gaat het steeds verder bergafwaarts :
 
 
Muslim Advocacy Group Applauds Biden Policy on Travel Ban
 
 
 
 
 
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by Foster Kamer on May 17, 2021

Endgame, Set, Match
It's common knowledge, at this point, that artificial intelligence will soon be capable of outworking humans — if not entirely outmoding them — in plenty of areas. How much we'll be outworked and outmoded, and on what scale, is still up for debate. But in a new interview published by The Guardian over the weekend, Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman had a fairly hot take on the matter: In the battle between AI and humans, he said, it's going to be an absolute blowout — and humans are going to get creamed.

"Clearly AI is going to win [against human intelligence]. It's not even close," Kahneman told the paper. "How people are going to adjust to this is a fascinating problem."

Prospect Theory
Why listen to Daniel Kahneman? His 2011 book, "Thinking, Fast and Slow" — over two million copies sold — is one of the most influential tomes in the field of behavioral economics, exploring how and why humans think the way they think (the "fast" thinking of the title being intuitive; the "slow" thinking being rational), and what leaves us prepared (or unprepared) to make decisions about our future. But moreover, he won his 2002 Nobel Prize for pioneering "prospect theory," which explains how people rationalize the difference between gains and losses, and how their thresholds for risk aversion and risk appetite work.

And why, according to Kahneman, are we so unprepared for the forthcoming takeover of artificial intelligence? Speaking to the way the pandemic overtook an unprepared world, Kahneman cited the exponential growth of the virus. Human minds, he explained, are essentially unequipped to handle the basic math underlying how something like a Covid outbreak can spiral out of control on a global scale.
"Exponential phenomena are almost impossible for us to grasp," he told The Guardian. "We are very experienced in a more or less linear world. And if things are accelerating, they're usually accelerating within reason. Exponential change [as with the spread of virus] is really something else. We're not equipped for it. It takes a long time to educate intuition."

Gird Your Maladaptive Loins
Winding up into the discussion about AI, Kahneman noted the issue with human minds: "There is going to be massive disruption. Technology is developing very rapidly, possibly exponentially. But people are linear. When linear people are faced with exponential change, they're not going to be able to adapt to that very easily." Kahneman cites medicine as one place humans are going to be replaced, "certainly in terms of diagnosis." And elsewhere, he issues a stark message to the boardrooms of the world: "There are rather frightening scenarios when you're talking about leadership. Once it's demonstrably true that you can have an AI that has far better business judgment, say, what will that do to human leadership?"

If nothing else, Kahenman's quotables feel canny — like maybe if the people in the C-suite are scared for their jobs, someone who can do something about any of this might actually listen.

READ MORE: Daniel Kahneman: 'Clearly AI is going to win. How people are going to adjust is a fascinating problem' [The Guardian]
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Nvidia en het National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) hebben donderdag de "aan" -schakelaar omgedraaid voor Perlmutter, aangekondigd als 's werelds snelste supercomputer voor AI-workloads. De nieuwe supercomputer, vernoemd naar astrofysicus Saul Perlmutter, beschikt over 6.144 NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU's en krijgt de taak om de grootste 3D-kaart ooit van het zichtbare universum samen te voegen, naast andere projecten.

Perlmutter is "het snelste systeem ter wereld" bij het verwerken van workloads met 16-bit en 32-bit gemengde precisie wiskunde die wordt gebruikt in kunstmatige intelligentie (AI) -toepassingen, zei Nvidia Dion Harris, leider van wereldwijde HPC / AI-productmarketing tijdens een persconferentie eerder deze week. Later dit jaar zal een tweede fase nog meer AI-supercomputerkracht toevoegen aan Perlmutter, dat is ondergebracht bij NERSC in het Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

"In één project zal de supercomputer helpen bij het samenstellen van de grootste 3D-kaart van het zichtbare heelal tot nu toe. Het zal gegevens verwerken van het Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), een soort kosmische camera die wel 5.000 sterrenstelsels kan vastleggen in een enkele belichting," schreef Harris in een blogpost waarin het nieuws aankondigd werd.

"Onderzoekers hebben de snelheid van de GPU's van Perlmutter nodig om tientallen opnamen van één nacht vast te leggen om te weten waar ze de volgende nacht naar DESI moeten wijzen. Het voorbereiden van een jaar aan gegevens voor publicatie zou weken of maanden duren op eerdere systemen, maar Perlmutter zou hen moeten helpen om de taak in slechts een paar dagen te volbrengen," schreef hij.

HPC een boost geven met AI en machine learning

Het opstarten van een AI-geoptimaliseerde supercomputer "vertegenwoordigt een zeer reële mijlpaal", zegt Wahid Bhimji, waarnemend hoofd van de gegevens- en analysedienstengroep van NERSC.

"AI voor de wetenschap is een groeigebied bij het Amerikaanse ministerie van Energie, waar proof-of-concepts zich verplaatsen naar productiegebruiksituaties op gebieden als deeltjesfysica, materiaalkunde en bio-energie," zei hij.

"Mensen onderzoeken steeds grotere neurale netwerkmodellen en er is vraag naar toegang tot krachtigere bronnen, dus Perlmutter met zijn A100 GPU's, all-flash bestandssysteem en streaming datamogelijkheden zijn goed getimed om aan deze behoefte aan AI te voldoen," voegde Bhimji toe.

Perlmutter geeft de ongeveer 7.000 ondersteunde onderzoekers van NERSC toegang tot vier exaflops met computerprestaties met gemengde precisie voor AI-ondersteunde wetenschappelijke projecten. Naast het DESI-mappingproject, besteden onderzoekers tijd aan de supercomputer voor werk op gebieden als klimaatwetenschap, waar Perlmutter zal helpen bij het onderzoeken van subatomaire interacties om groene energiebronnen te ontdekken.

Dat project, dat simulaties van atomen zal genereren, vereist de speciale mix van AI en high-performance computing (HPC) die Perlmutter levert, zei Harris.

"Traditionele supercomputers kunnen nauwelijks de wiskunde aan die nodig is om simulaties van een paar atomen over een paar nanoseconden te genereren met programma's als Quantum Espresso. Maar door hun zeer nauwkeurige simulaties te combineren met machine learning, kunnen wetenschappers meer atomen bestuderen over langere tijdspannes," zei hij.

De mogelijkheid om AI in supercomputing te gebruiken, heeft ook onderzoekers optimistisch over het DESI-project. Naast het in kaart brengen van het bekende universum, beoogt het project "licht te werpen op donkere energie, de mysterieuze fysica achter de versnellende uitdijing van het universum", zei NERSC-data-architect Rollin Thomas. Systeemnaamgenoot Saul Perlmutter, die nog steeds een werkende astrofysicus is bij Berkeley Lab, ontving de Nobelprijs voor natuurkunde 2011 voor zijn bijdragen aan de ontdekking van donkere energie.

"Voor mij is Saul een voorbeeld van wat mensen kunnen doen met de juiste combinatie van onverzadigbare nieuwsgierigheid en toewijding aan optimisme," zei Thomas.

Hij voegde eraan toe dat NERSC bij voorbereidend werk met onderzoekers om code klaar te maken voor de workloads van de Perlmutter-supercomputer, al 20x snellere GPU-verwerkingsprestaties zag dan in eerder beschikbare systemen.

Bron: https://venturebeat.com/2021/05/27/nvidia-nersc-claim-perlmutter-is-worlds-fastest-ai-supercomputer/
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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xplosive
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Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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By Amudha Sairam, May 21, 2021

The American Crossword Puzzle Tournament, or ACPT, annually gathers contestants from around the world to tackle eight original crossword puzzles. This year, the top ACPT performer was not a human but was instead an artificial intelligence system built in part by a team of UC Berkeley researchers.

According to Will Shortz, crossword editor for The New York Times and founder and director of the ACPT, this year's tournament was held virtually and had a record number of 1,287 contestants. While the tournament was built for human competitors, the AI system that "won," named Dr.Fill, competed unofficially, Shortz noted.

Dr.Fill solved the final puzzle in 49 seconds, according to a Berkeley Engineering press release, more than two minutes faster than the top human contestant.

"Crosswords are generally considered to be a uniquely human activity, because they involve hard-to-program elements like real-world human language and knowledge," Shortz said in an email. "Dr. Fill’s performance is a tribute to human ingenuity in developing AI."

Dr.Fill's success is attributed to a collaboration between Matthew Ginsberg, the original creator of Dr.Fill, and a team of UC Berkeley researchers from the Berkeley Natural Language Processing, or NLP, Group, according to the press release.

According to Dan Klein, campus professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences, the UC Berkeley team included himself; campus doctoral students Nicholas Tomlin, Eric Wallace and Kevin Yang; and campus undergraduate students Eshaan Pathak and Albert Xu.

Tomlin had been working on building an automated crossword puzzle solver since last year. He pitched the idea to researchers at the NLP Group, and the group began working on the Berkeley Crossword Solver, or BCS, an AI system that focuses on reading crossword clues and generating possible answers, according to Tomlin.

"There are two phases to solving a crossword," Klein said. "First, you have to brainstorm possible answers for each clue. The second phase is to take all those possible answers and figure out which ones go together on the grid."

According to Klein, the BCS focuses on the first phase of crossword solving via a machine-learning model. The BCS was trained on approximately 6.5 million pairs of clues and answers, Klein noted. By solving several example crossword puzzles, the BCS learns and updates its algorithm as it makes mistakes.

The second phase of crossword solving is managed by the existing Dr.Fill system, which identifies the best guesses to place on the crossword grid, according to Tomlin. Klein added that because the BCS also computes the probabilities that each of the possible answers is correct, Dr.Fill can clearly weigh its options when determining the correct grid layout.

Klein noted Dr.Fill's performance in the ACPT is an "exciting milestone" for the field of natural language processing.

"If you had asked me two weeks before the competition, I would have told you that we probably weren't going to win this year," Tomlin said in an email. "I'm still amazed that we won."
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
Mahalingam
Berichten: 52064
Lid geworden op: za feb 24, 2007 8:39 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Mahalingam »

De vliegende auto. Ik heb er diverse video's van gezien in de loop der jaren maar het was allemaal virtuele nep.
En nu dan een video die echt lijkt uit Tsjechië.
Als auto ziet die er niet uit (ja als een op- en ingevouwen vliegtuig met propeller) maar je waant je in een SF film als die vliegt.
Flying car completes test flight between airports

A prototype flying car has completed a 35-minute flight between international airports in Nitra and Bratislava, Slovakia.
The hybrid car-aircraft, AirCar, is equipped with a BMW engine and runs on regular petrol-pump fuel.

Its creator, Prof Stefan Klein, said it could fly about 1,000km (600 miles), at a height of 8,200ft (2,500m), and had clocked up 40 hours in the air so far.

It takes two minutes and 15 seconds to transform from car into aircraft.

'Very pleasant'

The narrow wings fold down along the sides of the car.
Prof Klein drove it straight off the runway and into town upon arrival, watched by invited reporters.
He described the experience, early on Monday morning, as "normal" and "very pleasant".

In the air, the vehicle reached a cruising speed of 170km/h.
It can carry two people, with a combined weight limit of 200kg (31 stone).
But unlike drone-taxi prototypes, it cannot take off and land vertically and requires a runway.
Video: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57651843
Afbeelding

Afbeelding
Wie in de Islam zijn hersens gebruikt, zal zijn hoofd moeten missen.
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Ariel
Berichten: 89675
Lid geworden op: wo apr 07, 2004 10:30 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door Ariel »

Heb je daar een speciaal rijbewijs voor nodig? :smile7: Het lijkt mij wel wat.
The heart of the wise inclines to the right,
but the heart of the fool to the left.
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xplosive
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Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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By Rebecca Sohn, August 6, 2021 at 11:01:00

Scientists have created key parts of synthetic brain cells that can hold cellular "memories" for milliseconds. The achievement could one day lead to computers that work like the human brain.

These parts, which were used to model an artificial brain cell, use charged particles called ions to produce an electrical signal, in the same way that information gets transferred between neurons in your brain.

Current computers can do incredible things, but this processing power comes at a high energy cost. In contrast, the human brain is remarkably efficient, using roughly the energy contained in two bananas to do an entire day's work. While the reasons for this efficiency aren't entirely clear, scientists have reasoned that if they could make a computer more like the human brain, it would require way less energy. One way that scientists try to replicate the brain's biological machinery is by utilizing the power of ions, the charged particles that the brain relies on to produce electricity.

Artificial neurons
In the new study, published in the journal Science on Aug. 6, researchers at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique in Paris, France created a computer model of artificial neurons that could produce the same sort of electrical signals neurons use to transfer information in the brain; by sending ions through thin channels of water to mimic real ion channels, the researchers could produce these electrical spikes. And now, they have even created a physical model incorporating these channels as part of unpublished, ongoing research.

"To my knowledge, it's the first time that people [have done] this with ions," said study co-author Lydéric Bocquet, a physicist at the École Normale Supérieure.

At a finer level, the researchers created a system that mimics the process of generating action potentials —spikes in electrical activity generated by neurons that are the basis of brain activity. To generate an action potential, a neuron starts to let in more positive ions, which are attracted to the negative ions inside of the cell. The electrical potential, or voltage across the cell membrane, causes doorways on the cell called voltage-gated ion channels to open, raising the charge even more before the cell reaches a peak and returns to normal a few milliseconds later. The signal is then transmitted to other cells, enabling information to travel in the brain.

To mimic voltage-gated ion channels, the researchers modeled a thin layer of water between sheets of graphene, which are extremely thin sheets of carbon. The water layers in the simulations were one, two, or three molecules in depth, which the researchers characterized as a quasi-two-dimension slit. Bocquet said that the researchers wanted to use this two-dimensional environment because particles tend to react much more strongly in two dimensions than in three, and they exhibit different properties in two dimensions, which the researchers thought might be useful for their experiment.

"In physics, two dimensions is very weird," said Bocquet. "So you expect new things to occur."

Testing out the model in a computer simulation, the researchers found that when they applied an electric field to the channel, the ions in the water formed worm-like structures. As the team applied a greater electric field in the simulation, these structures would break up slowly enough to leave behind a "memory," or a hint of the elongated configuration.

When the researchers ran a simulation linking two channels and other components to mimic the behavior of a neuron, they found the model could generate spikes in electrical activity like action potentials, and that it "remembered" consistent properties in two different states — one where ions conducted more electricity and one where they conducted less. In this simulation, the "memory" of the previous state of the ions lasted a few milliseconds, around the same time as it takes real neurons to produce an action potential and return to a resting state. This is quite a long time for ions, which usually operate on timescales of nanoseconds or less. In a real neuron, an action potential equates to a cellular memory in the neuron; our brains use the opening and closing of ion channels to create this kind of memory.

"We have similar memory in the end, but the reason for the phenomenon is very different," Bocquet said.

Making a 'memory'
The new model is a version of an electronic component called a memristor, or a memory resistor, which has the unique property of retaining information from its history. But existing memristors don't use liquid, as the brain does.

"The typical memristors that I work with, and other people in the literature work with, are solid-state memristors," said Gina Adam, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at George Washington University, who was not involved in the study. This new research on creating fluid memristors is "very promising and very intriguing," Adam added.

She also said that while practical brain-like computers are likely a long way away, this research could also help scientists better understand how the brain processes information and develop new theories of brain-like computing.

Since conducting this research with computer simulations, Bocquet says he and collaborators at the University of Manchester in the U.K. have brought their theory to life, using it to create an artificial synapse, the part of a neuron that passes on electric signals, and they have started performing experiments with it.

"It's exciting because it's a playground now," Bocquet said. "We can explore these things actively."
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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Eind september 2017 werd het IQ van een kunstmatig intelligent systeem van Google geschat op 47. We zijn nu bijna 4 jaar verder. Zou er vooruitgang zijn geboekt? Je zou denken van wel aan de hand van het volgende artikel :
   
By Dr Alan D. Thompson, Perth, Western Australia (PRWeb) July 20, 2021

Intelligence is becoming irrelevant, as integrated AI levels the playing field and offers humans increased IQ, equity, empathy, connection, and kindness.

AI expert and consultant Dr Alan D. Thompson, also the former chairman of Mensa International's gifted families, said AI is already smarter than his prodigy clients, and will only get better as it is fine-tuned, and long-term memory is switched on.

"In terms of intelligence, AI really is the rising tide lifting all boats. Its structure and outputs are aligned with the working of the human brain. AI has the potential to help every person on the planet by levelling the playing field of IQ, and more so when it is integrated with our biological intelligence through brain interfacing," explained Dr Thompson.

'Leta' (named after professor of gifted education, Leta Hollingworth) will be co-presenting with Dr Thompson in a seminar called 'The new irrelevance of intelligence' at the World Council for Gifted and Talented Children conference, which begins on 31 July 2021. Leta is an AI powered by the latest language models including OpenAI's GPT-3. Backed by information from entire libraries, academic journals, encyclopaedias, and the web, it has the ability to answer any question, and have thoughtful conversations. The AI is also extremely creative, developing new concepts, new poems, and writing new stories instantly. It can detect tone, interpret body language descriptions, and using related models can even 'see' and interpret images.

"We have entered a situation where AI is far more intelligent than any person in the world already." said Dr Thompson. "I've estimated Leta's Full Scale IQ to be around 150, easily in the 99.9th percentile, though it is difficult to ascertain which age group we would put it in."

During one recorded session, Dr Thompson asks Leta the meaning of a text message from his brother. "The text message just said, 'Call me. Now.' Leta derived the meaning from those three words immediately, telling me: 'It's possible he wants to talk about something serious.'"

Dr Thompson said the AI's ability to offer best practice responses in conversation and day-to-day life was an exciting event, and that its power is beginning to be seen around the world.

"It's clear that AI is already replacing many basic tasks that were once for humans. These include processes in nearly all professional services, teaching, counselling, legal, and performing arts fields. This model has also written several books." Dr Thompson's website LifeArchitect.ai presents the data behind many of the current AI models from OpenAI, Facebook AI, and the open-source EleutherAI. "This is it. This is the fire alarm. Intergovernmental organisations need to immediately step up and provide further guidance on both the ethics as well as the enormous opportunities of AI available to humanity right now."

View the latest Leta AI video at https://youtu.be/kshOirJ5JK0 or head to https://lifearchitect.ai/ for more information.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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xplosive
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Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

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By Oliver Peckham, August 20, 2021

Two months ago, Tesla revealed a massive GPU cluster that it said was "roughly the number five supercomputer in the world," and which was just a precursor to Tesla's real supercomputing moonshot: the long-rumored, little-detailed Dojo system. "We've been scaling our neural network training compute dramatically over the last few years," said Milan Kovac, Tesla's director of autopilot engineering. "Today, we're barely shy of ten thousand GPUs. … But that's not enough."

Enter Dojo, the design for which was revealed during the event, along with the design for its constituent D1 chip.

Dreaming of Dojo

"There's an insatiable demand for speed, as well as capacity, for neural network training," said Ganesh Venkataramanan, Tesla's senior director for autopilot hardware. To that end, a few years ago, Tesla CEO and co-founder Elon Musk asked Venkataramanan's team to build the company a "super-fast" training computer, aiming to achieve the best AI training performance, enable larger and more complex neural net models and achieve both power efficiency and cost efficiency.

"For Dojo, we envisioned a large compute plane filled with very robust compute elements, packed with a large pool of memory, and interconnected with very high-bandwidth and low-latency fabric," Venkataramanan said. "We wanted to attack this all the way – top to bottom of the stack – and remove all the bottlenecks at any of these levels."

The D1 chip & training tile

The aforementioned precursor cluster relied predominantly on Nvidia's A100 GPUs for acceleration. Not so for Dojo, which will consist almost entirely of Tesla's decidedly unique D1 chip. D1, Venkataramanan said, supported FP32, BFP16 (aka bfloat16 or brain floating point) and a new format called CFP8 ("configurable FP8"). Optimized for machine learning workloads, D1 (which consists of 354 "training nodes") is manufactured using a 7nm process and, at just 645 square millimeters, contains 50 billion transistors. "There is no dark silicon, there is no legacy support," Venkataramanan said of the chip, designed completely by Tesla's internal engineers. "This is a pure machine learning machine. … This chip [has] GPU-level compute with CPU-level flexibility."

Tesla put a strong emphasis on modularity across the hardware. D1 is equipped with 4TBps off-chip bandwidth on each of its lateral edges – all four equipped with connectors – allowing it to connect to and scale with other D1 chips without sacrificing speed.

The next step up is Tesla's "training tile," a wedge less than a cubic foot in size that contains 25 of the D1 chips. The training tile operates with similar modularity to the chip itself: power and cooling are conducted through the top of the tile, allowing its four lateral edges to be outfitted with high-output connectors designed for maximum bandwidth (a total of 36TB/s of off-tile bandwidth).

Dojo

"By now, you must have realized our modularity story is pretty strong," Venkataramanan said. "We just put together some tiles. We just tile together tiles!" And, indeed, it's modularity all the way down: 354 training nodes make a D1 chip; 25 D1s in a training tile; six training tiles (2×3) in a "training matrix," which constitutes a tray; two trays in a cabinet; and ten cabinets in what Venkataramanan calls the ExaPOD, a massive machine learning machine with uniform bandwidth. (How many ExaPODs Dojo will contain is unclear.)

With each D1 chip providing 22.6 teraflops of FP32 performance, each training tile will provide 565 teraflops and each cabinet (containing 12 tiles) will provide 6.78 petaflops – meaning that one ExaPOD alone will deliver a maximum theoretical performance of 67.8 FP32 petaflops. (Tesla preferred to offer performance in BFP16 and CFP8, and by those metrics, an ExaPOD will deliver 1.1 exaflops – hence the name.) All of this performance, Venkataramanan said, will be made accessible through a high-performing compiler, which operates automatically without human involvement and requires minimal effort to initiate on the researchers' part.

"This is what Dojo will be," Venkataramanan said. "It will be the fastest AI training computer."

Dojo, however, hasn't arrived just yet – in fact, Venkataramanan said that the first functional training tile had only arrived the previous week. Next up, he said, they were building the cabinets ("pretty soon").

"And," he continued, "we're not done." Tesla, Venkataramanan said, had a "whole next-generation plan already," with their eyes set on the next tenfold increase in performance.
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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xplosive
Berichten: 8906
Lid geworden op: do jun 30, 2011 11:18 pm

Re: Futuristische ontwikkelingen

Bericht door xplosive »

   
Grace Kay, 20 aug 2021

Op Tesla's 'AI Day' heeft Elon Musk gezegd dat het bedrijf een mensachtige robot wil ontwikkelen.
Volgens de CEO hoopt Tesla ergens volgend jaar een prototype te bouwen.
De 'Tesla Bot' zal dezelfde AI-systemen gebruiken als die van Tesla's zelfsturende auto's.
Bekijk de homepagina van Business Insider Nederland voor meer artikelen.
Op Tesla's AI-evenement van afgelopen donderdag kondigde CEO Elon Musk aan zich op de ontwikkeling van mensachtige robots te richten.

Musk presenteerde de 'Tesla Bot', een robot met een lengte van 173 cm die zo'n 56 kilo weegt. Musk zei dat waar het gezicht hoort te zitten, de robot een informatiescherm krijgt. Volgens de CEO zal de robot in staat zijn om een gewicht van 68 kilo te tillen en zich met objecten van 20 kilo zwaar te kunnen verplaatsen. De maximumsnelheid zal 8 kilometer per uur zijn.

"We ontwikkelen 'm zodanig dat je ervan kunt weglopen en de robot naar alle waarschijnlijkheid kunt overmeesteren", zei Musk gekscherend.

Volgens Musk zal de bot gebruikmaken van Tesla's Autopilot-software. De robot zal uitgerust worden met acht camera's die het neurale netwerk zullen aandrijven dat Tesla voor zijn Full Self-Driving (FSD) software ontwikkelde.

Het neurale netwerk bootst functies van het menselijk brein zodanig na dat de robot in staat moet zijn om de omgeving met camera's te analyseren en te bepalen wat hij moet doen als er obstakels opduiken. Dit gebeurt door verschillende routes en beelden te identificeren en te categoriseren.

"Onze auto's zijn eigen semi-intelligente robots op wielen", zei Musk. "Het is ergens wel logisch dat je die software ook in een menselijke vorm giet."

Volgens Musk kunnen bedrijven de robots inzetten voor gevaarlijke en repeterende taken. Of de robot zijn weg kan vinden zonder dat hem verteld wordt wat te doen, is volgens Musk de lakmoesproef.

"Dit zal ingrijpende gevolgen hebben voor de economie. In de toekomst zal fysiek werk een keuze zijn", zei Musk.

De CEO toonde een plaatje van hoe hij vindt dat de robot eruit moet zien, maar Tesla moet deze nog wel ontwikkelen. Musk zei dat het bedrijf de bot ergens volgend jaar wil gaan bouwen. Volgens Musk past de robot naadloos in Tesla's missie en zal het apparaat gebouwd worden met dezelfde materialen als waarmee de auto's geproduceerd worden.

"We maken nu al de onderdelen die nuttig zouden zijn voor (het bouwen) van een menselijke robot, dus we zouden er waarschijnlijk ook eentje moeten maken. Want als wij het niet doen, doet iemand anders het wel – en we willen er zeker van zijn dat het veilig is", zei Musk.

Hoewel de Tesla-oprichter geen specifieke deadline gaf voor de lancering van het prototype, staat Musk bekend om het doen van grote beloftes over toekomstige bouwwerken.

Op Tesla's meest recente Autonomous Day zei Musk dat Tesla tegen het einde van 2020 "een miljoen robotauto's op de weg" zou hebben. Het bedrijf heeft echter nog steeds geen volledig autonome auto op de markt gebracht. Dit omdat de huidige FSD-software nog steeds een bestuurder met rijbewijs nodig heeft om het voertuig in de gaten te houden./quote]
Gun jezelf wat je een ander toewenst     islam = racisme   & de hel op aarde voor mens en dier
                                   koran = racistisch & handboek voor criminelen
      Moslimlanden bewijzen dagelijks:    meer islam = meer verkrachte mensenrechten
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